Ghatol Dipti, Widrich Jason
St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Wayne State University
University of Florida
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) helps assess the integrity of neural structures and consciousness during surgical procedures. It includes both continuous monitoring of neural tissue as well as the localization of vital neural structures. The goal of IONM is to identify intraoperative neural insults that allow early intervention to eliminate or to significantly minimize irreversible damage to the neurological structure and prevent a postoperative neurologic deficit. The use of neurophysiological monitoring during surgical procedures requires specific anesthesia techniques to avoid interference and signal alteration due to anesthesia. Different modalities of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) are available, each monitors a specific neural pathway, and they are: 1. Evoked potentials including somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), motor evoked potential (MEP), brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), visual evoked potential (VEP). 2. Electroencephalography (EEG). 3. Electromyography (EMG) . Multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is recommended as an effective way to avoid permanent neurologic injury during surgical procedures.
术中神经生理监测（IONM）有助于在手术过程中评估神经结构的完整性和意识状态。它包括对神经组织的连续监测以及重要神经结构的定位。IONM的目标是识别术中神经损伤，以便早期干预，消除或显著减少对神经结构的不可逆损伤，并预防术后神经功能缺损。手术过程中使用神经生理监测需要特定的麻醉技术，以避免因麻醉导致干扰和信号改变。术中神经生理监测（IONM）有不同的模式，每种模式监测特定的神经通路，它们分别是：1. 诱发电位，包括体感诱发电位（SSEP）、运动诱发电位（MEP）、脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）、视觉诱发电位（VEP）。2. 脑电图（EEG）。3. 肌电图（EMG）。推荐采用多模式术中神经监测（IONM）作为避免手术过程中永久性神经损伤的有效方法。
