Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Biomolecules. 2020 Oct 19;10(10):1457. doi: 10.3390/biom10101457.
The phospholipase A (PLA) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA has the capacity to hydrolyze the -2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA reaction. PLA enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLAs in vivo.
磷脂酶 A（PLA）超家族在哺乳动物中包含 50 多种酶，这些酶根据结构和生化基础分为几个不同的家族。原则上，PLA 能够水解甘油磷脂的 -2 位，释放脂肪酸和溶血磷脂，但该超家族中的几种酶催化其他反应，而不是或除了 PLA 反应。PLA 酶不仅在脂质介质的产生中起关键作用，而且在膜重塑、生物能量学和体表屏障中起关键作用，从而参与许多生物事件。因此，PLA 调节的脂质代谢紊乱通常与各种疾病有关。本文综述了 PLA 超家族中各种酶的分类、酶学特性和生物学功能的最新研究进展，特别关注了 PLA 在体内的新作用。
