Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022 Apr;16(2):767-769. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.395. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a "disaster of uncertainty" with ambiguity about its nature and trajectory. These features amplify its psychological toxicity and increase the number of psychological casualties it inflicts. Uncertainty was fueled by lack of knowledge about the lethality of a disaster, its duration, and ambiguity in messaging from leaders and health care authorities. Human resilience can have a buffering effect on the psychological impact. Experts have advocated "flattening the curve" to slow the spread of the infection. Our strategy for crisis leadership is focused on flattening the rise in psychological casualties by increasing resilience among health care workers. This paper describes an approach employed at Johns Hopkins to promote and enhance crisis leadership. The approach is based on 4 factors: vision for the future, decisiveness, effective communication, and following a moral compass. We make specific actionable recommendations for implementing these factors that are being disseminated to frontline leaders and managers. The COVID-19 pandemic is destined to have a strong psychological impact that extends far beyond the end of quarantine. Following these guidelines has the potential to build resilience and thus reduce the number of psychological casualties and speed the return to normal - or at least the new normal in the post-COVID world.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一场“不确定性的灾难”，其性质和轨迹存在不确定性。这些特征放大了其心理毒性，并增加了它造成的心理伤亡人数。由于缺乏对灾难的致命性、持续时间以及领导层和医疗保健机构信息传递的模糊性的了解，不确定性加剧了。人类的适应力可以对心理影响起到缓冲作用。专家们提倡“减缓曲线”以减缓感染的传播。我们的危机领导力策略侧重于通过提高医护人员的适应力来减少心理伤亡人数的上升。本文介绍了约翰霍普金斯大学采用的一种方法，以促进和加强危机领导力。该方法基于 4 个因素：对未来的展望、果断、有效沟通和遵循道德指南针。我们提出了具体的可操作建议，以实施这些因素，这些建议正在分发给一线领导和管理人员。COVID-19 大流行注定会产生强烈的心理影响，远远超出隔离期结束的范围。遵循这些准则有可能增强适应力，从而减少心理伤亡人数，并加速恢复正常——或者至少是 COVID-19 后世界的新常态。
