Goldman R D, Goldman A E, Green K J, Jones J C, Jones S M, Yang H Y
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
J Cell Sci Suppl. 1986;5:69-97. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1986.supplement_5.5.
Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic observations demonstrate that intermediate filaments (IF) form cytoplasmic networks between the nucleus and cell surface in several types of cultured cells. Intermediate filaments interact with the nuclear surface, where they appear to terminate at the level of the nuclear envelope. From this region, they radiate towards the cell surface where they are closely associated with the plasma membrane. On the basis of these patterns of IF organization, we suggest that IF represent a cytoskeletal system interconnecting the cell surface with the nucleus. Furthermore, IF also appear to interact with other cytoskeletal components including microtubules and microfilaments. In the former case microtubule-IF interactions are seen in cytoplasmic regions between the nucleus and the cell membrane, whereas microfilament-IF interactions occur in the cortical cytoplasm. IF also appear to be cross-linked to each other; especially in the case of the IF bundles that occur in epithelial cells. In order to determine the molecular and biochemical bases of the organizational state of IF we have developed procedures for obtaining IF-enriched 'cytoskeletons' of cultured cells. In these preparations IF-nuclear and IF-cell surface associations are retained. Thus, these preparations have enabled us to begin to study various IF-associated structures (e.g. desmosomes) and associated proteins (IFAPs) using biochemical and immunological methodologies. To date, the results support the idea that IF and their associated proteins may comprise the cell type specific molecular infrastructure that is involved in transmitting and distributing information amongst the major cellular domains; the cell surface/extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nuclear surface/nuclear matrix.
免疫荧光和电子显微镜观察表明，中间丝（IF）在几种类型的培养细胞中形成细胞核与细胞表面之间的细胞质网络。中间丝与核表面相互作用，它们似乎在核膜水平终止。从这个区域开始，它们向细胞表面辐射，并与质膜紧密相连。基于这些中间丝的组织模式，我们认为中间丝代表了一种将细胞表面与细胞核相互连接的细胞骨架系统。此外，中间丝似乎还与包括微管和微丝在内的其他细胞骨架成分相互作用。在前一种情况下，微管 - 中间丝相互作用见于细胞核与细胞膜之间的细胞质区域，而微丝 - 中间丝相互作用发生在皮质细胞质中。中间丝似乎也相互交联；尤其是在上皮细胞中出现的中间丝束的情况下。为了确定中间丝组织状态的分子和生化基础，我们开发了用于获取培养细胞中富含中间丝的“细胞骨架”的方法。在这些制备物中，中间丝与核以及中间丝与细胞表面的关联得以保留。因此，这些制备物使我们能够开始使用生化和免疫学方法研究各种与中间丝相关的结构（如桥粒）和相关蛋白（中间丝相关蛋白）。迄今为止，结果支持这样一种观点，即中间丝及其相关蛋白可能构成细胞类型特异性的分子基础设施，参与在主要细胞区域（细胞表面/细胞外基质、细胞质和核表面/核基质）之间传递和分布信息。
