State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University (Xiang'an), Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
Environ Microbiol. 2021 Feb;23(2):1038-1052. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15290. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
As the most abundant and genetically diverse biological entities, viruses significantly influence ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary processes in the ocean. However, the biogeography of marine viruses and the drivers shaping viral community are unclear. Here, the biogeographic patterns of T4-like viruses and the relative impacts of deterministic (environmental selection) and dispersal (spatial distance) processes were investigated in the northern South China Sea. The dominant viral operational taxonomic units were affiliated with previously defined Marine, Estuary, Lake and Paddy Groups. A clear viral biogeographic pattern was observed along the environmental gradient from the estuary to open sea. Marine Groups I and IV had a wide geographical distribution, whereas Marine Groups II, III and V were abundant in lower-salinity continental or eutrophic environments. A significant distance-decay pattern was noted for the T4-like viral community, especially for those infecting cyanobacteria. Both deterministic and dispersal processes influenced viral community assembly, although environmental selection (e.g. temperature, salinity, bacterial abundance and community, etc.) had a greater impact than spatial distance. Network analysis confirmed the strong association between viral and bacterial community composition, and suggested a diverse ecological relationship (e.g. lysis, co-infection or mutualistic) between and within viruses and their potential bacterial hosts.
作为最丰富和遗传多样性最高的生物实体，病毒显著影响海洋中的生态、生物地理和进化过程。然而，海洋病毒的生物地理学和塑造病毒群落的驱动因素尚不清楚。在这里，我们调查了南海北部 T4 样病毒的生物地理格局以及确定性（环境选择）和扩散（空间距离）过程对病毒群落的相对影响。主要的病毒操作分类单位与先前定义的海洋、河口、湖泊和稻田组有关。从河口到开阔海域的环境梯度上观察到明显的病毒生物地理格局。海洋组 I 和 IV 具有广泛的地理分布，而海洋组 II、III 和 V 在低盐度的大陆或富营养化环境中丰富。T4 样病毒群落存在显著的距离衰减模式，特别是那些感染蓝细菌的病毒。确定性和扩散过程都影响了病毒群落的组装，但环境选择（例如温度、盐度、细菌丰度和群落等）的影响大于空间距离。网络分析证实了病毒和细菌群落组成之间的强烈关联，并表明病毒与其潜在细菌宿主之间存在多样化的生态关系（例如裂解、共同感染或共生）。
