Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2021 Sep;34(5):869-891. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12933. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
According to reports of the international agency for cancer on research, although malignant melanoma shows less prevalence than nonmelanoma skin cancers, it is the major cause of skin cancer mortality. Given that, the production of effective vaccines to control melanoma is eminently required. In this regard, DNA-based vaccines have been extensively investigated for melanoma therapy. DNA vaccines are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral branches of immune responses. These vaccines possess some valuable advantages such as lack of severe side effects and high stability compared to conventional vaccination methods. The ongoing studies are focused on novel strategies in the development of DNA vaccines encoding artificial polyepitope immunogens based on the multiple melanoma antigens, the inclusion of molecular adjuvants to increase the level of immune responses, and the improvement of delivery approaches. In this review, we have outlined the recent advances in the field of melanoma DNA vaccines and described their implications in clinical trials as a strong strategy in the prevention and control of melanoma.
根据国际癌症研究机构的报告，虽然恶性黑色素瘤的发病率低于非黑色素瘤皮肤癌，但它是皮肤癌死亡的主要原因。有鉴于此，迫切需要生产有效的疫苗来控制黑色素瘤。在这方面，基于 DNA 的疫苗已被广泛研究用于黑色素瘤的治疗。DNA 疫苗能够诱导细胞和体液免疫反应。与传统的疫苗接种方法相比，这些疫苗具有一些有价值的优势，如缺乏严重的副作用和高稳定性。目前的研究集中在开发基于多种黑色素瘤抗原的人工多表位免疫原编码的 DNA 疫苗的新策略、包含分子佐剂以提高免疫反应水平，以及改进传递方法。在这篇综述中，我们概述了黑色素瘤 DNA 疫苗领域的最新进展，并描述了它们在临床试验中的应用，作为预防和控制黑色素瘤的一种强有力的策略。
