Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, Czech Republic.
Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
J Insect Sci. 2020 Sep 1;20(5). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa100.
The present study dealt with the influence of temperature and feed on the nutritional value of Tenebrio molitor, especially on the content of crude protein, amino acids, fat, and fatty acid profile. Tenebrio molitor larvae were kept in 15, 20, and 25°C and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour, and mixture. The parameters were analyzed by international standard methods. Generally, with an increase of the lentils in the feed, the crude protein content increased. The changes in the temperature and the feed were most pronounced on the essential amino acids Val, Arg, and Leu. The highest average fat content was determined at 20°C in insects fed with wheat bran. The lowest fat content was determined at 15°C in bran-fed insects. The dependency of fat content on the temperature in feeding with lentil flour and a mixture of wheat bran and lentil flour was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney post hoc tests). The highest content of polyene fatty acids was achieved at a rearing temperature of 15°C and the bran diet. It was concluded that a higher proportion of protein diet could increase the content of crude protein in the insects. An increase in the temperature generally leads only to a slight increase in the content of nitrogenous substances. The influence of feed on this nutritional parameter is therefore much more significant than the effect of the rearing temperature. In general, it can be stated that the feed and the temperature also significantly affect the fat content.
本研究探讨了温度和饲料对黄粉虫营养价值的影响，特别是对粗蛋白、氨基酸、脂肪和脂肪酸组成的影响。将黄粉虫幼虫分别在 15°C、20°C 和 25°C 下饲养，并分别以麦麸、小扁豆粉和混合物作为饲料。采用国际标准方法分析了这些参数。一般来说，随着饲料中小扁豆含量的增加，粗蛋白含量增加。温度和饲料的变化对必需氨基酸 Val、Arg 和 Leu 的影响最为显著。在以麦麸为饲料的昆虫中，20°C 时平均脂肪含量最高。在以麦麸为饲料的昆虫中，15°C 时脂肪含量最低。在以小扁豆粉和麦麸与小扁豆粉混合物为饲料时，脂肪含量随温度的变化在统计学上不显著（P>0.05，Kruskal-Wallis、Mann-Whitney 事后检验）。在 15°C 饲养温度和麦麸饲料下，多烯脂肪酸含量最高。研究结果表明，高蛋白饮食可以增加昆虫的粗蛋白含量。一般来说，温度的升高只会导致含氮物质含量的轻微增加。因此，饲料对这一营养参数的影响比饲养温度的影响更为显著。总的来说，可以说饲料和温度也显著影响脂肪含量。
