Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, 425 405, Maharashtra, India.
Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Jan;36(1):13-27. doi: 10.1007/s11011-020-00636-w. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by gradual neurodegeneration and forfeiture of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta which ultimately leads to depletion of dopamine levels. PD patients not only display motor features such as rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia but also non-motor features such as depression, anxiety, etc. Various treatments are available for PD patients such as dopamine replacement are well established but it is only partially or transiently effective. As these therapies not able to restore dopaminergic neurons and delay the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is crucial. The present review discusses a comprehensive overview of current novel targets for PD which includes molecular chaperone, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuromelanin, Ubiquitin-proteasome system, protein Abelson, Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C, and Cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript, etc. These approaches will help to identify new targets for the treatment of disease and may provide a ray of hope for PD patient treatment. Graphical abstract.
帕金森病（PD）的特征是黑质致密部多巴胺神经元逐渐退化和丧失，最终导致多巴胺水平下降。PD 患者不仅表现出运动特征，如僵硬、震颤和运动迟缓，还表现出非运动特征，如抑郁、焦虑等。各种治疗方法可用于 PD 患者，如多巴胺替代疗法已得到充分证实，但仅部分或短暂有效。由于这些治疗方法不能恢复多巴胺能神经元并延缓帕金森病的发展，因此，需要一种有效的治疗方法至关重要。本综述讨论了目前 PD 的新靶点的全面概述，包括分子伴侣、神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍、神经黑色素、泛素-蛋白酶体系统、Abelson 蛋白、突触小泡糖蛋白 2C 和可卡因-苯丙胺调节转录物等。这些方法将有助于确定疾病治疗的新靶点，并为 PD 患者的治疗提供一线希望。
