Psychology Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Tel Hai, Israel.
Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Exp Physiol. 2020 Dec;105(12):2207-2215. doi: 10.1113/EP088931. Epub 2020 Nov 1.
What is the central question of this study? The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sleep restriction on self-report and autonomic responses to neutral and sad film clips. What is the main finding and its importance? Ratings of sadness and heart rate deceleration were greater while watching the sad clip, with no effect of sleep restriction, whereas heart rate variability and skin conductance were impacted by sleep restriction and, to a lesser extent, by film clips. The results suggest that autonomic function was adaptively altered by sleep restriction, in order to maintain a 'normal' response to emotional cues, despite mounting fatigue.
Habitual insufficient sleep has long-term health consequences via its impact on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and on regulation of emotion. To our knowledge, the effects of insufficient sleep on emotion-induced ANS function have not been tested. The present study aimed to address this lacuna. Using an emotion induction procedure, the effects of sleep restriction on physiological responses to validated neutral and sad film clips were assessed in a two-by-two, pseudo-randomized, cross-over design. Thirty-one participants, aged 20-33 years, were assessed after sleeping for either 5 h (sleep restricted, SR) or 8 h (well rested, WR) per night, for three consecutive nights. Physiological measures included heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance response (SCR) and participants' ratings of affect and fatigue. There was no effect of sleep conditions on self-reported negative affect, but watching the sad clip reduced self-reported fatigue in the SR condition. There was greater heart rate deceleration while watching sad relative to neutral clips, independent of the sleep condition. Sleep restriction increased heart rate variability measures, with no effect of emotion induction. There was an interaction of emotion induction with sleep condition for SCR, with more SCRs to sad relative to neutral clips in the WR condition, and the opposite effect in the SR condition. Combined, the results suggest that the ANS response to an emotional cue was altered by sleep restriction. The results suggest an adaptive ANS response to mild, chronic sleep restriction, resulting in constant heart rate response and self-reported experience across WR and SR conditions, despite mounting fatigue.
本研究的核心问题是什么？本研究的目的是评估睡眠限制对中性和悲伤电影片段的自我报告和自主反应的影响。主要发现及其重要性是什么？观看悲伤片段时，悲伤和心率减速的评分更高，而睡眠限制没有影响，而心率变异性和皮肤电导率受到睡眠限制的影响，在较小程度上受到电影片段的影响。结果表明，自主功能通过睡眠限制适应性改变，以维持对情绪线索的“正常”反应，尽管疲劳不断增加。
习惯性睡眠不足会通过对自主神经系统 (ANS) 功能的影响以及对情绪调节的影响而对长期健康产生影响。据我们所知，睡眠不足对情绪引起的 ANS 功能的影响尚未得到检验。本研究旨在解决这一空白。使用情绪诱导程序，在两因素两水平、伪随机、交叉设计中，评估了睡眠限制对经过验证的中性和悲伤电影片段的生理反应的影响。 31 名年龄在 20-33 岁的参与者在每晚睡眠 5 小时（睡眠限制，SR）或 8 小时（休息良好，WR）的情况下连续三晚进行评估。生理测量包括心率、心率变异性、皮肤电导率反应 (SCR) 和参与者的情感和疲劳评分。睡眠条件对自我报告的负面情绪没有影响，但在 SR 条件下观看悲伤片段会降低自我报告的疲劳感。观看悲伤片段时相对观看中性片段时心率减速更大，与睡眠条件无关。睡眠限制增加了心率变异性测量值，但情绪诱导没有影响。情绪诱导与睡眠条件之间存在交互作用，WR 条件下对悲伤相对中性片段的 SCR 更大，而在 SR 条件下则相反。综合来看，结果表明自主神经系统对情绪线索的反应受到睡眠限制的影响。结果表明，在轻度、慢性睡眠限制下，自主神经系统会做出适应性反应，导致 WR 和 SR 条件下心率反应和自我报告的体验保持不变，尽管疲劳不断增加。
