Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, BP, 24 157, Douala, Cameroon.
Zerca y Lejos ONGD, c/Sambara 128, 28027, Madrid, Spain.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2020 Oct 22;16(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13002-020-00413-0.
Forest inhabitants worldwide, and indigenous people especially, have depended for generations on plants and animals harvested in these ecosystems. A number of Baka hunter-gatherer populations in south-eastern Cameroon became sedentarised in the 1950s, but still rely on hunting and gathering to meet their basic needs. The use of wild edible plants (WEP) by these communities remains largely undocumented. In this study, we record the diversity of WEP used by Baka people in dense rainforests in the Mintom region. The area still contains relatively undisturbed forest expanses, just south of the Dja Biosphere Reserve, one of the most important protected areas in the Congo Basin.
We conducted two ethnobotanical surveys in 2019 in four villages on the Mintom road. In the first survey, we interviewed a total of 73 individuals to determine WEP usage. In our second survey, we specifically quantified WEP harvested and consumed daily in a number of households over a 2-week period during the major rainy season, when use of forest products is highest. Specimens of all recorded plants were collected and identified at the National Herbarium of Cameroon.
We documented 88 plant species and 119 unique species/plant organ/recipes in 1519 different citations. A total of 61 genera and 43 families were noted. Excluding 14 unidentified wild yam species, 17 WEP species had not been reported in previous ethnobotanical surveys of the Baka. Our results showed that cultivated starchy plant foods make up a significant proportion of our study population's daily nutritional intake.
A high diversity of WEP is consumed by the studied Baka communities. The study area is likely to be significant in terms of WEP diversity since 18 out of the 30 "key" non-timber forest products, NTFP, in Cameroon were mentioned. Documentation of the use of WEP by indigenous communities is vital to ensure the continuity of traditional knowledge and future food security.
全球的森林居民，尤其是土著人民，几代以来一直依赖在这些生态系统中收获的动植物。在 20 世纪 50 年代，喀麦隆东南部的一些巴卡狩猎采集人群开始定居，但仍依靠狩猎和采集来满足他们的基本需求。这些社区对野生食用植物（WEP）的使用在很大程度上仍未记录在案。在这项研究中，我们记录了 Mintom 地区茂密雨林中巴卡人使用的 WEP 多样性。该地区仍然包含相对未受干扰的森林区域，就在 Dja 生物圈保护区以南，该保护区是刚果盆地最重要的保护区之一。
我们于 2019 年在 Mintom 公路上的四个村庄进行了两次民族植物学调查。在第一次调查中，我们共采访了 73 人，以确定 WEP 的使用情况。在我们的第二次调查中，我们在主要雨季的两周内，专门在一些家庭中量化了每天收获和食用的 WEP。记录的所有植物标本均在喀麦隆国家植物标本馆收集和鉴定。
我们记录了 88 种植物物种和 119 种独特的物种/植物器官/食谱，共计 1519 种不同的引用。总共记录了 61 属和 43 科。不包括 14 种未识别的野生薯蓣物种，17 种 WEP 物种在之前对巴卡的民族植物学调查中没有报道。我们的结果表明，栽培的含淀粉植物性食物构成了我们研究人群日常营养摄入的重要组成部分。
研究社区食用的 WEP 种类繁多。由于在喀麦隆提到的 30 种“关键”非木材森林产品（NTFP）中有 18 种，因此研究区域在 WEP 多样性方面可能具有重要意义。记录土著社区对 WEP 的使用对确保传统知识的延续性和未来粮食安全至关重要。
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