Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 21;17(20):7693. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207693.
Phosphorus (P) is a valuable, nonrenewable resource in agriculture promoting crop growth. P losses through surface runoff and subsurface drainage discharge beneath the root zone is a loss of investment. P entering surface water contributes to eutrophication of freshwater environments, impacting tourism, human health, environmental safety, and property values. Soluble P (SP) from subsurface drainage is nearly all bioavailable and is a significant contributor to freshwater eutrophication. The research objective was to select phosphorus sorbing media (PSM) best suited for removing SP from subsurface drainage discharge. From the preliminary research and literature, PSM with this potential were steel furnace slag (SFS) and a nano-engineered media (NEM). The PSM were evaluated using typical subsurface drainage P concentrations in column experiments, then with an economic analysis for a study site in Michigan. Both the SFS and generalized NEM (GNEM) removed soluble reactive phosphorus from 0.50 to below 0.05 mg/L in laboratory column experiments. The most cost-effective option from the study site was the use of the SFS, then disposing it each year, costing $906/hectare/year for the case study. GNEM that was regenerated onsite had a very similar cost. The most expensive option was the use of GNEM to remove P, including regeneration at the manufacturer, costing $1641/hectare/year. This study suggests that both SFS and NEM are both suited for treating drainage discharge. The use of SFS was more economical for the study site, but each site needs to be individually considered.
磷（P）是农业中促进作物生长的一种有价值的不可再生资源。通过地表径流和根系以下的地下排水流失的 P 是一种投资损失。进入地表水的 P 会导致淡水环境富营养化，影响旅游、人类健康、环境安全和财产价值。地下排水中的可溶 P（SP）几乎都是生物可利用的，是淡水富营养化的一个重要贡献因素。本研究的目的是选择最适合从地下排水中去除 SP 的磷吸附介质（PSM）。从初步研究和文献中，具有这种潜力的 PSM 是钢渣（SFS）和纳米工程介质（NEM）。通过柱实验用典型的地下排水 P 浓度对 PSM 进行了评估，然后在密歇根州的一个研究地点进行了经济分析。在实验室柱实验中，SFS 和广义 NEM（GNEM）都能去除 0.50 至 0.05mg/L 以下的可溶性反应磷。从研究地点来看，最具成本效益的选择是使用 SFS，然后每年进行处理，案例研究的成本为每公顷 906 美元/年。在现场进行再生的 GNEM 具有非常相似的成本。最昂贵的选择是使用 GNEM 去除 P，包括在制造商处进行再生，成本为每公顷 1641 美元/年。本研究表明，SFS 和 NEM 都适合处理排水。对于研究地点，SFS 的使用更经济，但每个地点都需要单独考虑。
