Self-rated health over the first five years after stroke.

BACKGROUND

Self-rated health (SRH) focuses on the patient's own perception, and represents an important patient-reported outcome. The aim was to investigate SRH one to 5 years after stroke, follow the development over time and search for factors associated with SRH.

METHODS

Consecutive stroke patients admitted to Stroke Units at the Skaraborg Hospital, Sweden were included 2007-2009 (n = 2190). Patient-reported outcomes were collected annually over 5 years using a postal questionnaire. SRH was assessed by the question about general health from SF-36. Factors associated with SRH were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Response-rate was > 90% at all time points. Overall, 40.2, 41.9, 40.7, 45.0 and 46.3% of the patients reported good SRH, 1 to 5 years after stroke. Performance in activities of daily living (ADL) was strongly associated with good SRH; 49.8 and 14.7% after 1 year in independent and dependent survivors respectively, p < 0.001. In independent survivors 1 year after stroke, good SRH was positively associated with female sex (OR = 2.0; p = < 0,001), physical activity (OR = 2.14; p = < 0,001), car driving (OR = 2.25; p = < 0,001), and negatively associated with age (OR = 0.99; p = < 0,001), pain (OR = 0.49; p = < 0,001), depression (OR = 0.30; p = < 0,001), and self-perceived unmet care needs (OR = 0.39; p = < 0,001). In dependent survivors, depression (OR = 0.23; p = < 0,001) and age (OR = 0.96; p = < 0,05), were negatively associated with good SRH 1 year after stroke. Similar patterns were observed throughout the follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The proportion stroke survivors reporting their health as good is slightly increasing over time. After stroke, SRH is associated with pain, depression, ability to perform activities and self-perceived unmet care needs, indicating that efforts to support stroke survivors in the chronic phase after stroke should concentrate on targeting these factors.