中国中老年脑卒中患者的生活满意度及其影响因素：一项全国性横断面调查。
Life satisfaction and its influencing factors of middle-aged and elderly stroke patients in China: a national cross-sectional survey.
机构信息
School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
SOAS China Institute, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, London, UK.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 3;12(8):e059663. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059663.
OBJECTIVES
This study reports the life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly patients who had a stroke in China, and explores its association with patients' sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyles and family relationship.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
The samples of this study were selected from the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, which covered 28 provinces, 150 countries/districts and 450 village/urban communities. 1154 patients who had a stroke aged 45 and over were included in this study as qualified samples.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Descriptive analysis was used to report sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyles, family relationship and life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly patients who had a stroke. χ analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the factors influencing the life satisfaction of the patients who had a stroke.
RESULTS
Overall, 83.1% of patients who had a stroke were satisfied with their lives, although only 8.7% rated their own health as being good. Patients who had a stroke who were male, elderly, married, living with their spouses and having a pension were more likely to report satisfaction with life (p<0.05). Self-rated health, health satisfaction, chronic lung disease, fall, pain, ability to work and family relationships were also significantly associated with life satisfaction (p<0.05). Patients who drank alcohol (86.8% vs 81.7%, p=0.041), had physical activity (84.4% vs 75.6%, p=0.004) and had social activity (85.3% vs 80.8%, p=0.041) were more satisfied with their lives than those who did not. Multivariable analysis confirmed that age, health satisfaction, physical pain, working ability, relationships with spouse and with children had significant effects on life satisfaction of patients who had a stroke (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates the importance of improving the overall health of patients who had a stroke and mediating factors, such as pain management, and work ability, spouse and children relationship in improving the life satisfaction of patients in the poststroke rehabilitation.
目的
本研究报告了中国中年和老年脑卒中患者的生活满意度，并探讨了其与患者人口统计学特征、健康状况、生活方式和家庭关系的关系。
设计
横断面调查。
地点和参与者
本研究的样本选自 2018 年中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）的数据，涵盖了 28 个省、150 个国家/地区和 450 个村/城市社区。本研究纳入了 1154 名年龄在 45 岁及以上的脑卒中患者作为合格样本。
结果
总体而言，83.1%的脑卒中患者对生活感到满意，尽管只有 8.7%的患者自评健康状况良好。男性、年龄较大、已婚、与配偶同住、有养老金的脑卒中患者更有可能报告对生活满意（p<0.05）。自评健康、健康满意度、慢性肺部疾病、跌倒、疼痛、工作能力和家庭关系也与生活满意度显著相关（p<0.05）。与不饮酒的患者相比，饮酒的患者（86.8%比 81.7%，p=0.041）、有体力活动的患者（84.4%比 75.6%，p=0.004）和有社会活动的患者（85.3%比 80.8%，p=0.041）对生活更满意。多变量分析证实，年龄、健康满意度、身体疼痛、工作能力、与配偶和子女的关系对脑卒中患者的生活满意度有显著影响（p<0.05）。
结论
本研究表明，改善脑卒中患者的整体健康状况以及疼痛管理等中介因素，以及工作能力、配偶和子女关系，对改善脑卒中后康复患者的生活满意度至关重要。
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