Hua Sophia V, Sterner-Stein Kimberly, Barg Frances K, Musicus Aviva A, Glanz Karen, Schwartz Marlene B, Block Jason P, Economos Christina D, Krieger James W, Roberto Christina A
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020 Nov;120(11):1884-1892.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.018.
US law mandates that chain restaurants with 20 or more locations post calorie information on their menus to inform consumers and encourage healthy choices. Few qualitative studies have assessed how parents perceive and use this information when ordering for their children and what types of accompanying messages might increase use of calorie labels when ordering food.
We aimed to better understand parents' perceptions and use of calorie labeling and the types of messages that might increase use.
We conducted 10 focus groups (n = 58) and 20 shop-along interviews (n = 20). Focus group participants discussed their hypothetical orders and restaurant experiences when dining with their children, and shop-along participants verbalized their decision processes while ordering at a restaurant. Both groups gave feedback on 4 public service messages aimed to increase healthier ordering for children. All interviews were voice-recorded and transcribed.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants were primary caregivers of at least 1 child between 6 and 12 years who reported having less than a college education at the time of screening and who commonly ate at chain restaurants. Focus groups were conducted in a conference room, and shop-alongs were conducted in quick-serve and full-service chain restaurants around Philadelphia between August 2016 and May 2017.
A modified grounded theory approach was used to extract themes from transcripts.
Thematic analysis of transcripts revealed 5 key themes: (1) parents' use of calorie labels; (2) differences across restaurant settings; (3) nonjudgmental information; (4) financial value and enjoyment of food; and (5) message preferences. These themes suggested that nonjudgmental, fact-based messages that highlight financial value, feelings of fullness, and easy meal component swaps without giving up the treatlike aspect of eating out may be particularly helpful for consumers.
These findings can inform current US Food and Drug Administration campaign efforts to support consumer use of calorie labels on menus.
美国法律规定，拥有20家或更多分店的连锁餐厅必须在菜单上标明卡路里信息，以告知消费者并鼓励他们做出健康的选择。很少有定性研究评估家长在为孩子点餐时如何看待和使用这些信息，以及哪种类型的附带信息可能会增加他们在点餐时对卡路里标签的使用。
我们旨在更好地了解家长对卡路里标签的看法和使用情况，以及可能增加其使用的信息类型。
我们进行了10次焦点小组讨论（n = 58）和20次陪同购物访谈（n = 20）。焦点小组参与者讨论了他们与孩子外出就餐时的假设订单和餐厅体验，陪同购物参与者在餐厅点餐时说出了他们的决策过程。两组都对旨在增加儿童健康点餐的4条公共服务信息提供了反馈。所有访谈均进行了录音和转录。
参与者/地点：参与者是至少有1名6至12岁孩子的主要照顾者，他们在筛查时报告受教育程度低于大学水平，且经常在连锁餐厅就餐。焦点小组讨论在会议室进行，陪同购物访谈于2016年8月至2017年5月期间在费城周边的速食和全方位服务连锁餐厅进行。
采用改良的扎根理论方法从转录本中提取主题。
对转录本的主题分析揭示了5个关键主题：（1）家长对卡路里标签的使用；（2）不同餐厅环境的差异；（3）无偏见信息；（4）食物的经济价值和享受程度；（5）信息偏好。这些主题表明，无偏见的、基于事实的信息，突出经济价值、饱腹感以及轻松的餐食成分替换，同时又不放弃外出就餐的享受感，可能对消费者特别有帮助。
这些发现可为美国食品药品监督管理局当前支持消费者使用菜单上卡路里标签的宣传活动提供参考。
