Evans Alexandra E, Weiss Samantha R, Meath Kerry J, Chow Sherman, Vandewater Elizabeth A, Ness Roberta B
1Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living,University of Texas School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus,1616 Guadalupe,Suite 6.300,Austin,TX 78701,USA.
2University of Texas School of Public Health - Houston,Houston,TX,USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2016 Apr;19(5):830-40. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015001044. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
Menu labelling has been identified as a potential strategy to help individuals make healthier choices when eating out. Although adolescents eat out often, little research involving menu labelling has been conducted with this population. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) gather qualitative information from adolescents regarding use of menu labels when eating out; (ii) gather adolescents' suggestions for optimal ways to design menu labels; and (iii) examine differences between adolescents living in communities of different socio-economic status.
Qualitative. Five focus groups of five to ten participants.
Austin, TX, USA, 2012.
Forty-one adolescents living in diverse communities recruited using a snowballing technique at public and private recreation centres (twenty-four females; twenty-two African American).
Participants reported that menu labelling, in general, does not influence food selections when eating out. Among participants living in low-income communities, food purchases were based on price, taste and familiarity. Among participants living in high-income areas, food purchases were based on quality and ability to satiate (among boys). According to participants, effective ways to present menu labels are by matching calorie levels with physical activity equivalents or through simple graphics.
For adolescents, providing menu labels in their current format may not be an effective strategy to increase healthy food selection. Given that the current menu label format has been set by federal policy in the USA cannot be easily changed, research to determine how this format can be best presented or enhanced so that it can have an impact on all US sub-populations is warranted.
菜单标注已被视为一种潜在策略，有助于人们外出就餐时做出更健康的选择。尽管青少年经常外出就餐，但针对这一人群开展的涉及菜单标注的研究较少。本研究的目的是：（i）收集青少年关于外出就餐时使用菜单标注的定性信息；（ii）收集青少年对于菜单标注最佳设计方式的建议；（iii）研究不同社会经济地位社区的青少年之间的差异。
定性研究。五个焦点小组，每组五至十名参与者。
美国得克萨斯州奥斯汀，2012年。
通过滚雪球技术在公共和私人娱乐中心招募的41名生活在不同社区的青少年（24名女性；22名非裔美国人）。
参与者报告称，总体而言，菜单标注在外出就餐时不会影响食物选择。在低收入社区的参与者中，食物购买基于价格、口味和熟悉程度。在高收入地区的参与者中，食物购买基于质量和饱腹感（男孩中）。参与者认为，呈现菜单标注的有效方式是将卡路里含量与体力活动当量相匹配或通过简单图形。
对于青少年来说，以当前形式提供菜单标注可能不是增加健康食物选择的有效策略。鉴于美国目前的菜单标注形式是由联邦政策设定的，不易更改，因此有必要进行研究，以确定如何最好地呈现或改进这种形式，使其能够对所有美国亚人群体产生影响。
