Division of Gastroenterology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2020 Nov;104(6):1023-1036. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.004.
Colorectal cancer screening is essential to detect and remove premalignant lesions to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Multiple screening modalities are available, including colonoscopy and stool-based testing. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for detection and removal of premalignant colorectal lesions. Screening guidelines by the American Cancer Society now recommend initiating screening for all average-risk adults at 45 years old. Family history of colorectal cancer, other cancers, and advanced colon polyps are strong risk factors that must be considered in order to implement earlier testing. Epidemiologic studies continue to show disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality and wide variability in screening rates.
结直肠癌筛查对于检测和切除癌前病变以预防结直肠癌的发生至关重要。有多种筛查方式可供选择，包括结肠镜检查和基于粪便的检测。结肠镜检查仍然是检测和切除癌前结直肠病变的金标准。美国癌症协会的筛查指南现在建议所有低危成年人从 45 岁开始进行筛查。结直肠癌、其他癌症和晚期结肠息肉的家族史是必须考虑的强烈风险因素，以便进行更早的检测。流行病学研究继续显示结直肠癌发病率和死亡率存在差异，以及筛查率存在广泛的可变性。
