Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(9):10780-10790. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11318-6. Epub 2020 Oct 25.
Prophylactic usage and high persistent nature of several antibiotics have put selective pressure on the native microbial population that led to the emergence, propagation, and persistence of antibiotic resistance in nature. The surveillance of antibiotic resistome pattern and identification of points of intervention throughout the different environmental habitats will help to break the flow of antibiotic resistance from environmental bacteria to human pathogens. The present study compares the occurrence, diversity, and abundance of ARGs in industrial sludge, wetland sludge, and sediment sample contaminated with pharmaceutical discharge. Metagenomes were mined for the presence of ARGs against the ResFinder 3.2 database using BLASTn program. Pharmaceutical sample (2.52%) showed high degree of ARG abundance and richness as compared with ETP sludge (2.28%) and wetland sludge samples (1.29%). The modern resistome pattern represented by critically important resistance genes against tetracycline (tetA, tetC, tetW, tetT, and tetS/M) and quinolone (qnrS, qnrVC, and qnrD) was identified in pharmaceutical sediment sample. However, effluent treatment plant (ETP) sludge sample showed abundance of multidrug efflux pumps indicating the presence of primitive resistome profile. In conclusion, the indiscriminate distribution pattern of antibiotic resistance genes in three selected environmental sites suggests enrichment and distribution of environmental niche-driven resistance. The study also suggests effluent discharge site from pharmaceutical industries and ETPs as pivotal points of intervention for the mitigation of antibiotic resistance.
预防性使用和几种抗生素的高持久性对本地微生物种群施加了选择性压力，导致抗生素耐药性在自然界中的出现、传播和持续存在。监测抗生素耐药组模式并确定整个不同环境栖息地的干预点将有助于打破抗生素耐药性从环境细菌到人类病原体的传播。本研究比较了工业污泥、湿地污泥和受药物排放污染的沉积物样本中 ARG 的发生、多样性和丰度。使用 BLASTn 程序，针对 ResFinder 3.2 数据库，从宏基因组中挖掘 ARG 的存在。与 ETP 污泥（2.28%）和湿地污泥样本（1.29%）相比，药物样本（2.52%）显示出高度的 ARG 丰度和丰富度。在药物沉积物样本中鉴定出了代表重要耐药基因的现代耐药组模式，这些基因对抗生素（四环素（tetA、tetC、tetW、tetT 和 tetS/M）和喹诺酮（qnrS、qnrVC 和 qnrD）具有耐药性。然而，污水处理厂（ETP）污泥样本显示出多种药物外排泵的丰度，表明存在原始耐药组谱。总之，在三个选定的环境地点，抗生素耐药基因的无差别分布模式表明了环境生态位驱动的耐药性的富集和分布。该研究还表明，制药工业和 ETP 的废水排放点是缓解抗生素耐药性的关键干预点。
