Xu Jian, Xu Yan, Wang Hongmei, Guo Changsheng, Qiu Huiyun, He Yan, Zhang Yuan, Li Xiaochen, Meng Wei
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Laboratory of Riverine Ecological Conservation and Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China.
Chemosphere. 2015 Jan;119:1379-1385. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.040. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
The extensive use of antibiotics has caused the contamination of both antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In this study, the abundance and distribution of antibiotics and ARGs from a sewage treatment plant (STP) and its effluent-receiving river in Beijing China were characterized. Three classes of antibiotics including tetracycline, sulfonamide and quinolone were quantified by LC-MS/MS. In the secondary effluent they were detected at 195, 2001 and 3866 ng L(-1), respectively, which were higher than in the receiving river water. A total of 13 ARGs (6 tet genes: tetA, tetB, tetE, tetW, tetM and tetZ, 3 sulfonamide genes: sul1, sul2 and sul3, and 4 quinolone genes: gryA, parC, qnrC and qnrD) were determined by quantitative PCR. For all ARGs, sulfonamide resistance genes were present at relatively high concentrations in all samples, with the highest ARG concentration above 10(-1). ARGs remained relatively stable along each sewage treatment process. The abundances of detected ARGs from the STP were also higher than its receiving river. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that relative tet gene copies (tetB/16S-rRNA and tetW/16S-rRNA) were strongly correlated with the concentrations of tetracycline residues (r(2)>0.8, p<0.05), while no significant correlations occurred between sulfonamides and sul genes. A negative correlation between the relative abundance of quinolone resistance gene (qnrC/16S-rRNA) and the concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENR) was also determined. The difference of ARGs levels in the raw influent and secondary effluent suggested that the STP treatment process may induce to increase the abundance of resistance genes. The results showed that the sewage was an important repository of the resistance genes, which need to be effectively treated before discharge into the natural water body.
抗生素的广泛使用已导致环境中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的污染。本研究对中国北京某污水处理厂（STP）及其受纳河流中的抗生素和ARGs的丰度及分布进行了表征。采用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（LC - MS/MS）对四环素、磺胺类和喹诺酮类三类抗生素进行了定量分析。在二级出水中，它们的检测浓度分别为195、2001和3866 ng L⁻¹，高于受纳河流水体中的浓度。通过定量PCR测定了总共13种ARGs（6种四环素类基因：tetA、tetB、tetE、tetW、tetM和tetZ，3种磺胺类基因：sul1、sul2和sul3，以及4种喹诺酮类基因：gryA、parC、qnrC和qnrD）。对于所有ARGs，磺胺类抗性基因在所有样品中的浓度相对较高，最高ARG浓度超过10⁻¹。ARGs在每个污水处理过程中保持相对稳定。污水处理厂检测到的ARGs丰度也高于其受纳河流。双变量相关分析表明，相对四环素类基因拷贝数（tetB/16S - rRNA和tetW/16S - rRNA）与四环素残留浓度密切相关（r²>0.8，p<0.05），而磺胺类药物与sul基因之间未发现显著相关性。还确定了喹诺酮抗性基因相对丰度（qnrC/16S - rRNA）与恩诺沙星（ENR）浓度之间呈负相关。原水进水和二级出水的ARGs水平差异表明，污水处理厂的处理过程可能会导致抗性基因丰度增加。结果表明，污水是抗性基因的重要储存库，在排放到天然水体之前需要进行有效处理。
