School of Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urban Design, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6021, Campinas, SP, 13083-889, Brazil.
Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, SP P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(19):23742-23752. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11294-x. Epub 2020 Oct 25.
Benzimidazoles (BZ) are among the most used drugs to treat parasitic diseases in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, solutions fortified with albendazole (ABZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were subjected to photoperoxidation (UV/HO). The hydroxyl radicals generated by the process removed up to 99% of ABZ, and FBZ, in the highest dosage of HO (i.e., 1.125 mmol L; 4.8 kJ L). In contrast, 20% of initial TBZ concentration remained in the residual solution. In the first 5 min of reaction (i.e., up to 0.750 mmol L of HO), formation of the primary metabolites of ABZ-ricobendazole (RBZ), albendazole sulfone (ABZ-SO), and oxfendazole (OFZ)-was observed. However, these reaction products were converted after the reaction time was doubled. The residual ecotoxicity was investigated using the Raphidocelis subcapitata microalgae and the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The results for both microorganisms evidence that the residual solutions are less harmful to these microorganisms. However, after 30 min of reaction, the treated solution still presents a toxic effect for V. fischeri, meaning that longer reaction times are required to achieve an innocuous effluent.
苯并咪唑类（BZ）是人类和兽医医学中治疗寄生虫病最常用的药物之一。在本研究中，用阿苯达唑（ABZ）、芬苯达唑（FBZ）和噻苯达唑（TBZ）强化的溶液进行了光氧化（UV/HO）处理。该过程产生的羟基自由基可去除最高剂量 HO（即 1.125 mmol L；4.8 kJ L）中高达 99%的 ABZ 和 FBZ。相比之下，初始 TBZ 浓度的 20%仍残留在残余溶液中。在反应的前 5 分钟（即，HO 的浓度最高可达 0.750 mmol L），观察到 ABZ 的初级代谢产物锐比妥唑（RBZ）、阿苯达唑砜（ABZ-SO）和奥芬达唑（OFZ）的形成。然而，这些反应产物在反应时间延长一倍后发生了转化。使用海洋微藻桡足类亚冠藻和海洋细菌发光杆菌来研究残余毒性。这两种微生物的结果都表明，残余溶液对这些微生物的危害性较小。然而，在 30 分钟的反应后，处理后的溶液对发光杆菌仍具有毒性作用，这意味着需要更长的反应时间才能达到无害的流出物。
