Langova Veronika, Vales Karel, Horka Petra, Horacek Jiri
Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia.
Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 27;11:703. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00703. eCollection 2020.
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, which are still not fully understood. The development of efficient antipsychotics requires animal models of a strong validity, therefore the aims of the article were to summarize the construct, face and predictive validity of schizophrenia models based on rodents and zebrafish, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and to propose future directions in schizophrenia modeling and indicate when it is reasonable to combine these models. The advantages of rodent models stem primarily from the high homology between rodent and human physiology, neurochemistry, brain morphology and circuitry. The advantages of zebrafish models stem in the high fecundity, fast development and transparency of the embryo. Disadvantages of both models originate in behavioral repertoires not allowing specific symptoms to be modeled, even when the models are combined. Especially modeling the verbal component of certain positive, negative and cognitive symptoms is currently impossible.
精神分裂症是一种严重的疾病，其特征为阳性、阴性和认知症状，目前人们对这些症状仍未完全理解。高效抗精神病药物的研发需要具有高度有效性的动物模型，因此本文的目的是总结基于啮齿动物和斑马鱼的精神分裂症模型的结构效度、表面效度和预测效度，比较这些模型的优缺点，并提出精神分裂症模型构建的未来方向，指明何时将这些模型结合是合理的。啮齿动物模型的优势主要源于啮齿动物与人类在生理、神经化学、脑形态和神经回路方面的高度同源性。斑马鱼模型的优势在于其高繁殖力、快速发育以及胚胎的透明性。两种模型的缺点都在于其行为模式无法对特定症状进行建模，即使将这些模型结合起来也不行。尤其是目前还无法对某些阳性、阴性和认知症状的言语成分进行建模。
