Luo Xiaoxiang, Wu Hongguo, Li Chuanhui, Li Zhengyi, Li Hu, Zhang Heng, Li Yan, Su Yaqiong, Yang Song
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Front Chem. 2020 Sep 25;8:580146. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580146. eCollection 2020.
Cellulose is the most abundant source of biomass, which can be converted into monosaccharide or other chemical platform molecules for the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Acid catalysts can promote hydrolytic degradation of cellulose into valuable platform molecules, which is of great significance in the development of chemicals and biofuels. However, there are still some shortcomings and limitations of the catalysts for the hydrolytic degradation of cellulosic biomass. Heteropoly acid (HPA), as a green catalyst, seems to be more conducive to the degradation of cellulosic biomass due to its extreme acidity. HPAs can be designed in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Moreover, they can be easily separated from the products in both systems by a simple extraction process. According to the unique properties of HPAs (e.g., good solubility, high thermal stability, and strong acidity), using heteropoly acid-based catalysts to depolymerize and convert cellulose into value-added chemicals and biofuels has become one of the most remarkable processes in chemistry for sustainability. In this review, the characteristics, advantages, and applications of HPAs in different categories for cellulose degradation, especially hydrolysis hydrolytic degradation, are summarized. Moreover, the mechanisms of HPAs catalysts in the effective degradation of cellulosic biomass are discussed. This review provides more avenues for the development of renewed and robust HPAs for cellulose degradation in the future.
纤维素是最丰富的生物质来源，可转化为单糖或其他化学平台分子，用于化学品和燃料的可持续生产。酸催化剂可促进纤维素水解降解为有价值的平台分子，这对化学品和生物燃料的开发具有重要意义。然而，用于纤维素生物质水解降解的催化剂仍存在一些缺点和局限性。杂多酸（HPA）作为一种绿色催化剂，因其极强的酸性似乎更有利于纤维素生物质的降解。杂多酸可设计为均相和非均相体系。此外，在这两种体系中，它们都可以通过简单的萃取过程轻松地从产物中分离出来。根据杂多酸的独特性质（如良好的溶解性、高热稳定性和强酸性），使用基于杂多酸的催化剂将纤维素解聚并转化为增值化学品和生物燃料已成为化学领域中最引人注目的可持续发展过程之一。在这篇综述中，总结了杂多酸在纤维素降解的不同类别中的特点、优势和应用，特别是水解降解。此外，还讨论了杂多酸催化剂有效降解纤维素生物质的机理。这篇综述为未来开发用于纤维素降解的新型高效杂多酸提供了更多途径。
