Wang Yinhu, Tao Anthony, Vaeth Martin, Feske Stefan
Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Curr Opin Physiol. 2020 Oct;17:207-223. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.016. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
T cells are an essential component of the immune system that provide antigen-specific acute and long lasting immune responses to infections and tumors, ascertain the maintenance of immunological tolerance and, on the flipside, mediate autoimmunity in a variety of diseases. The activation of T cells through antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) results in transient and sustained Ca signals that are shaped by the opening of Ca channels in the plasma membrane and cellular organelles. The dynamic regulation of intracellular Ca concentrations controls a variety of T cell functions on the timescale of seconds to days after signal initiation. Among the more recently identified roles of Ca signaling in T cells is the regulation of metabolic pathways that control the function of many T cell subsets. In this review, we discuss how Ca regulates several metabolic programs in T cells such as the activation of AMPK and the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 pathway, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as lipid metabolism.
T细胞是免疫系统的重要组成部分，可针对感染和肿瘤提供抗原特异性的急性和持久免疫反应，确保免疫耐受的维持，反之，也会在多种疾病中介导自身免疫。通过T细胞受体（TCR）识别抗原激活T细胞会导致瞬时和持续的钙信号，这些信号由质膜和细胞器中钙通道的开放所形成。细胞内钙浓度的动态调节在信号启动后的数秒至数天时间尺度上控制着多种T细胞功能。钙信号在T细胞中最近被发现的作用之一是对控制许多T细胞亚群功能的代谢途径的调节。在这篇综述中，我们讨论钙如何调节T细胞中的几种代谢程序，如AMPK的激活、PI3K-AKT-mTORC1途径、有氧糖酵解、包括三羧酸（TCA）循环功能和氧化磷酸化（OXPHOS）的线粒体代谢以及脂质代谢。
