Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
J Fish Dis. 2021 Apr;44(4):429-440. doi: 10.1111/jfd.13288. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
For half a decade, the Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea has been facing severe health issues. Clinical signs like haemorrhage, erosions and ulcerative/necrotic skin conditions in returning adults have been reported from different Swedish rivers. These primary disease signs precede a secondary, terminal fungal infection. As initial investigations of the disease did not provide conclusive answers regarding the pathogenesis, this study was initiated to gain insight into a possible link between this so-called Red Skin Disease and anthropogenic influences. Therefore, returning salmon were caught in rivers along the Swedish coast and different tissues were sampled. The focus was put on the measurements of a battery of biomarkers as well as biochemical and haematological parameters, which were analysed using multivariate statistics. The main findings were a severe osmotic haemodilution, an immune response and an alteration of the carbohydrate metabolism in diseased fish. Furthermore, oxidative stress does not seem to be a likely factor in the pathogenesis. Concluding, certain changes in physiological parameters were shown to be indicative for the disease patterns, while others were ruled out as significant factors. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the Red Skin Disease and may act as a hypothesis generator for future studies.
在过去的五年中，波罗的海中的大西洋鲑鱼一直面临着严重的健康问题。据来自不同瑞典河流的报道，洄游成鱼出现了出血、侵蚀和溃疡性/坏死性皮肤等临床症状。这些原发性疾病症状先于继发性、终末期真菌感染。由于最初对该疾病的调查并未提供关于发病机制的明确答案，因此开展了这项研究，以深入了解所谓的红皮病与人为影响之间可能存在的联系。因此，在瑞典沿海的河流中捕获了洄游的鲑鱼，并采集了不同的组织样本。研究重点放在了一系列生物标志物以及生化和血液学参数的测量上，这些参数使用多元统计进行了分析。主要发现是患病鱼类存在严重的渗透性血稀释、免疫反应和碳水化合物代谢改变。此外，氧化应激似乎不是发病机制中的一个可能因素。综上所述，某些生理参数的变化被证明与疾病模式有关，而其他因素则被排除为重要因素。因此，本研究有助于了解红皮病，并可能为未来的研究提供假说生成。
