Asker Noomi, Albertsson Eva, Wijkmark Emma, Bergek Sara, Parkkonen Jari, Kammann Ulrike, Holmqvist Inger, Kristiansson Erik, Strand Jakob, Gercken Jens, Förlin Lars
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mar Environ Res. 2016 Sep;120:32-43. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Jul 7.
To increase our understanding of possible chemical impacts on coastal fish populations in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak, the viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) was used as sentinel species in two major sampling campaigns (spring and autumn) in 16 different coastal sites. Condition factor (CF), liver somatic index (LSI), gonad somatic index (GSI) were measured and the activity of the hepatic enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione reductase GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and muscular activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assessed. PAH metabolites in bile were also analyzed. The most notable finding in the data set was the low EROD activity in eelpouts collected at the relatively polluted region in Germany compared to the other regions, which could be due to an inhibition of the CYP1A-system or to adaptation to chronic exposure of pollutants in this area. Additionally, low AChE activity was noted in the German region in the autumn campaign and low AChE activity detected in the Danish region in the spring campaign. These differences suggest possible season-specific differences in the use and release of AChE-inhibiting chemicals in the Danish and German regions. Clustering of biomarkers on site level indicated a relationship between CF and GSI and suggested that sites with a high CF contained eelpout that put a larger effort into their larvae development. Clustering of the oxidative stress markers GR, GST and CAT on the individual level reflected a possible coordinated regulation of these enzymes. Overall, the results support the importance of taking into account general regional differences and seasonal variation in biomarker activity when monitoring and assessing the effects of pollution. Despite the expected seasonal variation for most of the measured endpoint, several markers (GSI, EROD and CF) vary similarly between all selected sites in both spring and autumn. This suggests that the differences between sites for these endpoints are independent of season.
为了增进我们对波罗的海、卡特加特海峡和斯卡格拉克海峡沿岸鱼类种群可能受到的化学影响的理解，在2016年两次主要的采样活动（春季和秋季）中，于16个不同的沿海地点，将胎生海鲶鱼（Zoarces viviparus）用作指示物种。测量了条件因子（CF）、肝脏体指数（LSI）、性腺体指数（GSI），并评估了肝脏酶乙氧基异吩唑酮 - O - 脱乙基酶（EROD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶（GST）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性以及乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的肌肉活性。还分析了胆汁中的多环芳烃代谢物。数据集中最显著的发现是，与其他地区相比，在德国相对污染地区采集的海鲶鱼中EROD活性较低，这可能是由于CYP1A系统受到抑制或该地区对污染物的长期暴露产生了适应性。此外，秋季采样活动中德国地区的AChE活性较低，春季采样活动中丹麦地区的AChE活性较低。这些差异表明丹麦和德国地区在使用和释放抑制AChE的化学物质方面可能存在特定季节差异。在站点层面上对生物标志物进行聚类分析表明CF和GSI之间存在关联，并表明CF值高的站点中的海鲶鱼在幼体发育方面投入了更多精力。在个体层面上对氧化应激标志物GR、GST和CAT进行聚类分析反映了这些酶可能存在协同调节。总体而言，结果支持在监测和评估污染影响时考虑生物标志物活性的一般区域差异和季节变化的重要性。尽管大多数测量终点存在预期的季节变化，但在春季和秋季，几个标志物（GSI、EROD和CF）在所有选定站点之间的变化相似。这表明这些终点在不同站点之间的差异与季节无关。
