University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing.
Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2020 Oct/Dec;42(4):254-261. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000318.
Meningitis is a significant viral, bacterial, or fungal infection of the meninges that cover and protect the brain and the spinal cord. Symptoms of meningitis may present rapidly or develop gradually over a period of days, manifesting with common prodromal flu-like symptoms of headache, photophobia, fever, nuchal rigidity, myalgias, and fatigue. Character and significance of symptoms vary by patient age. Symptoms of infection may improve spontaneously or worsen, becoming potentially lethal. Early recognition and treatment of meningitis are crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality. The case reviewed in this article focuses on viral meningitis in a pediatric patient that may be unrecognized or underreported because of indistinct symptoms. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, assessment techniques, diagnostics, clinical management, and health promotion relevant to viral meningitis are presented.
脑膜炎是脑膜(覆盖和保护大脑和脊髓的组织)受到病毒、细菌或真菌感染的一种严重疾病。脑膜炎的症状可能迅速出现,也可能在数天内逐渐发展,表现为常见的前驱流感样症状,如头痛、畏光、发热、颈项强直、肌痛和疲劳。患者的年龄不同,症状的特点和意义也不同。感染的症状可能会自行改善,也可能会恶化,从而变得具有潜在致命性。早期识别和治疗脑膜炎对于预防发病率和死亡率至关重要。本文回顾的病例主要是小儿病毒性脑膜炎,由于症状不明显,可能未被识别或报告。本文介绍了与病毒性脑膜炎相关的流行病学、病理生理学、表现、评估技术、诊断、临床管理和健康促进。