Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Health Policy, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt Center for Child Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and.
Pediatrics. 2020 Nov;146(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-029074.
The opioid crisis has grown to affect pregnant women and infants across the United States, as evidenced by rising rates of opioid use disorder among pregnant women and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome among infants. Across the country, pregnant women lack access to evidence-based therapies, including medications for opioid use disorder, and infants with opioid exposure frequently receive variable care. In addition, public systems, such as child welfare and early intervention, are increasingly stretched by increasing numbers of children affected by the crisis. Systematic, enduring, coordinated, and holistic approaches are needed to improve care for the mother-infant dyad. In this statement, we provide an overview of the effect of the opioid crisis on the mother-infant dyad and provide recommendations for management of the infant with opioid exposure, including clinical presentation, assessment, treatment, and discharge.
阿片类药物危机已经蔓延至全美的孕妇和婴儿，孕妇阿片类药物使用障碍和新生儿阿片戒断综合征的发病率不断上升就是明显的例证。全美各地的孕妇都无法获得循证治疗，包括阿片类药物使用障碍的药物治疗，而接触过阿片类药物的婴儿经常接受的护理也各不相同。此外，儿童福利和早期干预等公共系统因受危机影响的儿童人数不断增加而承受的压力越来越大。需要采取系统、持久、协调和全面的方法来改善母婴对的护理。在本声明中，我们概述了阿片类药物危机对母婴对的影响，并就接触过阿片类药物的婴儿的管理提出建议，包括临床表现、评估、治疗和出院。
