Cooney Christopher R, Thomas Gavin H
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2021 Jan;5(1):101-110. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-01321-y. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
Several theories predict that rates of phenotypic evolution should be related to the rate at which new lineages arise. However, drawing general conclusions regarding the coupling between these fundamental evolutionary rates has been difficult due to the inconsistent nature of previous results combined with uncertainty over the most appropriate methodology with which to investigate such relationships. Here we propose and compare the performance of several different approaches for testing associations between lineage-specific rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution using phylogenetic data. We then use the best-performing method to test relationships between rates of speciation and body size evolution in five major vertebrate clades (amphibians, birds, mammals, ray-finned fish and squamate reptiles) at two phylogenetic scales. Our results provide support for the long-standing view that rates of speciation and morphological evolution are generally positively related at broad macroevolutionary scales, but they also reveal a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the strength and direction of these associations at finer scales across the vertebrate tree of life.
有几种理论预测，表型进化速率应与新谱系出现的速率相关。然而，由于先前结果的不一致性，再加上对于研究此类关系的最合适方法存在不确定性，因此很难就这些基本进化速率之间的耦合得出一般性结论。在此，我们提出并比较了几种不同的方法，这些方法用于利用系统发育数据检验特定谱系的物种形成速率与表型进化之间的关联。然后，我们使用性能最佳的方法，在两个系统发育尺度上，检验五个主要脊椎动物类群（两栖动物、鸟类、哺乳动物、硬骨鱼和有鳞爬行动物）的物种形成速率与体型进化之间的关系。我们的结果支持了长期以来的观点，即在广泛的宏观进化尺度上，物种形成速率与形态进化速率通常呈正相关，但它们也揭示了在脊椎动物生命树的更精细尺度上，这些关联的强度和方向存在很大程度的异质性。
