Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, René-Lévesque Est, Montréal, QC, H2L 4Y2, Canada.
Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Arch Sex Behav. 2021 Feb;50(2):427-460. doi: 10.1007/s10508-020-01741-8. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
Chemsex-the use of specific drugs during planned sexual activity to sustain or enhance sexual functioning (Bourne et al., 2015)-is widely reported as a major public health issue among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Western countries. Considering current evidence surrounding Chemsex, we conducted a mixed-methods systematic review regarding psychological and interpersonal factors associated with Chemsex behaviors among GBM. Publications covering Chemsex and psychological or social variables were eligible. Theoretical papers and studies solely presenting physical health outcomes were excluded. 35 English papers published between January 2008 and June 2019 were identified through PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. We performed a parallel-results convergent synthesis (Hong, Pluye, Bujold, & Wassef, 2017) on results extracted from qualitative and quantitative studies comprising the final corpus. Qualitative data suggest that six mechanisms promote Chemsex-related behaviors: dealing with painful emotions or stressful events; normalization and risk minimization of sexualized drug use; giving into interpersonal pressure or fulfilling desire for community belonging; increasing intimacy or connectedness; enhancing sexual performance and functioning; lessening interpersonal and sexual inhibitions. In quantitative reports, six variable categories emerged: sexual control and self-efficacy; sexual functioning; mental health; attitudes toward substance use; life stressors and internalized stressors; and identification with sexual identities or scenes. This review summarizes key psychological and interpersonal correlates of Chemsex among GBM. Further research is needed to replicate current findings and explore new hypotheses across multiple GBM sociodemographic groups and cultural contexts, following best practices in sampling for hard-to-reach populations.
性化学（在有计划的性行为中使用特定药物来维持或增强性能力）在西方国家的男同性恋、双性恋和其他男性性行为者（GBM）中被广泛报道为一个主要的公共卫生问题。考虑到围绕性化学的现有证据，我们对与 GBM 性化学行为相关的心理和人际因素进行了一项混合方法系统评价。涵盖性化学和心理或社会变量的出版物符合条件。仅报告身体健康结果的理论论文和研究被排除在外。通过 PubMed、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 共确定了 35 篇发表于 2008 年 1 月至 2019 年 6 月之间的英文论文。我们对纳入最终文献的定性和定量研究中提取的结果进行了平行结果综合（Hong、Pluye、Bujold 和 Wassef，2017）。定性数据表明，有六种机制促进了与性化学相关的行为：应对痛苦情绪或压力事件；性化药物使用的正常化和风险最小化；屈服于人际压力或满足社区归属感的欲望；增加亲密感或联系感；增强性表现和功能；减少人际和性抑制。在定量报告中，出现了六个变量类别：性控制和自我效能感；性功能；心理健康；对物质使用的态度；生活压力源和内化压力源；以及对性身份或场景的认同。本综述总结了 GBM 中性化学的关键心理和人际相关因素。需要进一步研究以复制当前的发现，并在多个 GBM 社会人口统计学群体和文化背景下探索新的假设，遵循针对难以接触到的人群进行抽样的最佳实践。
