Hammoud Mohamed A, Bourne Adam, Maher Lisa, Jin Fengyi, Haire Bridget, Lea Toby, Degenhardt Louisa, Grierson Jeffrey, Prestage Garrett
The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Australian Research Centre in Sex Health and Society, La Trobe University, 215 Franklin Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
Sex Health. 2018 Apr;15(2):123-134. doi: 10.1071/SH17146.
Background Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use among gay and bisexual men (GBM) has increased in recent years. It is commonly cited as a sexual-enhancement drug. There is, however, little evidence for factors associated with GHB use or the consequences of its use among GBM.
Factors associated with GHB use, its relationship to sexual risk behaviour, and the contexts, consequences, and motivations for its use were examined.
The Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) Study is an online prospective observational study of Australian GBM. At baseline, a total of 3190 GBM provided details about their use of GHB. Data on frequency, methods, pleasures and consequences of their drug use, alongside key demographic variables were collected.
Mean age was 35.0 years. One in five men (19.5%) had a history of GHB use and 5.4% reported use within the past 6 months, with 2.7% having used it monthly or more frequently. Overdose had been experienced by 14.7%, this was more common among men who used GHB at least monthly. Being HIV-positive, having more gay friends, greater social engagement with gay men who use drugs, a greater number of sexual partners, group sex, and condomless anal intercourse with casual partners were independently associated with GHB use in the past 6 months. Greater social engagement with gay men who use drugs and group sex were independently associated with at least monthly use. More frequent GHB use was independently associated with experiencing overdose among GHB users.
Most men used GHB infrequently and it was often used explicitly to enhance sexual experiences, often in the context of intensive sex partying. Men who used GHB frequently, were at greater risk of overdose and other negative health outcomes. GHB use should be considered alongside other drugs that have been implicated in sexual risk behaviour and HIV transmission. Harm-reduction interventions need to consider the particular impact of frequent GHB use.
背景 近年来，男同性恋者和双性恋男性（GBM）中γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）的使用有所增加。它通常被视为一种性增强药物。然而，关于GBM中与GHB使用相关的因素及其使用后果的证据很少。
研究与GHB使用相关的因素、其与性风险行为的关系以及其使用的背景、后果和动机。
“以下生活正在改变”（Flux）研究是一项针对澳大利亚GBM的在线前瞻性观察性研究。在基线时，共有3190名GBM提供了他们使用GHB的详细信息。收集了关于他们药物使用的频率、方法、快感和后果的数据，以及关键的人口统计学变量。
平均年龄为35.0岁。五分之一的男性（19.5%）有GHB使用史，5.4%报告在过去6个月内使用过，2.7%每月或更频繁地使用。14.7%的人曾经历过药物过量，这在至少每月使用GHB的男性中更为常见。在过去6个月内，HIV呈阳性、有更多男同性恋朋友、与吸毒的男同性恋者有更多社交往来、性伴侣数量更多、群体性行为以及与临时伴侣进行无保护肛交与GHB使用独立相关。与吸毒的男同性恋者有更多社交往来和群体性行为与至少每月使用独立相关。更频繁地使用GHB与GHB使用者中经历药物过量独立相关。
大多数男性很少使用GHB，且它通常被明确用于增强性体验，通常是在密集的性派对背景下。频繁使用GHB的男性药物过量和其他负面健康结果的风险更高。应将GHB的使用与其他涉及性风险行为和HIV传播的药物一并考虑。减少伤害干预措施需要考虑频繁使用GHB的特殊影响。
