Hashimoto Takeshi, Okada Yoko, Yamanaka Atsushi, Ono Natsuhiko, Uryu Keisuke, Maru Isafumi
Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
Bizen Chemical Co., Ltd., Akaiwa, Okayama, Japan.
Phys Act Nutr. 2020 Sep;24(3):13-18. doi: 10.20463/pan.2020.0016. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
In vivo studies have demonstrated the ergogenic benefits of eleutherococcus senticosus (ES) supplementation. ES has been observed to enhance endurance capacity, improve cardiovascular function, and alter metabolic functions (e.g., increased fat utilization); however, the exact mechanisms involved remain unknown. We aimed to determine whether ES could effectively induce fat loss and improve muscle metabolic profiles through increases in lipolysis- and lipid metabolism-associated protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, respectively, to uncover the direct effects of ES on adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells.
Different doses of ES extracts (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL) were added to cells (0.2 ES, 0.5 ES, and 1.0 ES, respectively) for 72 h and compared to the vehicle control (control).
The intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) content significantly decreased (p < 0.05 for 0.2 ES, p < 0.01 for 0.5 ES and 1.0 ES) in 3T3-L1 cells. Adipose triglyceride lipase, which is involved in active lipolysis, was significantly higher in the 1.0 ES group than in the control group (p < 0.01) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In C2C12 cells, the mitochondrial protein voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) was significantly increased in the 1.0 ES group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that 1.0 ES activated both 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01).
These findings suggest that ES extracts decreased TG content, presumably by increasing lipase in adipocytes and metabolism-associated protein expression as well as mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. These effects may corroborate previous in vivo findings regarding the ergogenic effects of ES supplementation.
体内研究已证明补充刺五加（ES）具有增强体能的益处。已观察到ES可提高耐力、改善心血管功能并改变代谢功能（如增加脂肪利用）；然而，其中的确切机制仍不清楚。我们旨在确定ES是否能分别通过增加3T3-L1脂肪细胞和C2C12骨骼肌细胞中与脂肪分解和脂质代谢相关的蛋白表达，有效诱导脂肪减少并改善肌肉代谢谱，以揭示ES对脂肪细胞和骨骼肌细胞的直接作用。
将不同剂量的ES提取物（0.2、0.5和1.0mg/mL）添加到细胞中（分别为0.2ES、0.5ES和1.0ES），处理72小时，并与溶剂对照组（对照组）进行比较。
在3T3-L1细胞中，细胞内三酰甘油（TG）含量显著降低（0.2ES组p<0.05，0.5ES组和1.0ES组p<0.01）。参与活性脂肪分解的脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶在3T3-L1脂肪细胞的1.0ES组中显著高于对照组（p<0.01）。在C2C12细胞中，1.0ES组的线粒体蛋白电压依赖性阴离子通道（VDAC）显著增加（p<0.01）。此外，我们发现1.0ES激活了骨骼肌细胞中的5'腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）（p<0.01）。
这些发现表明，ES提取物降低了TG含量，可能是通过增加脂肪细胞中的脂肪酶和代谢相关蛋白表达以及肌肉细胞中的线粒体生物合成。这些作用可能证实了先前关于补充ES的增强体能作用的体内研究结果。
