Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OX3 7LFOxford, UK.
Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Apr;24(5):819-825. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020004346. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
Online supermarkets are increasingly used both by consumers and as a source of data on the food environment. We compared product availability, nutritional information, front-of-pack (FOP) labelling, price and price promotions for food and drink products between physical and online supermarkets.
For physical stores, we collected data on price, price promotions, FOP nutrition labels and nutrition information from a random sample of food and drinks from six UK supermarkets. For online stores, we used foodDB, a research-ready dataset of over 14 million observations of food and drink products available in online supermarkets.
Six large supermarket stores located near Oxford, UK.
General sample with 295 food and drink products, plus boost samples for both fruit and vegetables, and alcohol.
In the general sample, 85 % (95 % CI 80, 90 %) of products found in physical stores could be matched with an online product. Nutritional information found in the two settings was almost identical, for example, concordance correlation coefficient for energy = 0·995 (95 % CI 0·993, 0·996). The presence of FOP labelling and price promotions differed between the two settings (Cohen's kappa = 0·56 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·66) and 0·40 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·55), respectively). Prices were similar between online and physical supermarkets (concordance correlation coefficient > 0·9 for all samples).
Product availability, nutritional information and prices sourced online for these six retailers are good proxies of those found in physical stores. Price promotions and FOP labelling vary between the two settings. Further research should investigate whether this could impact on health inequalities.
线上超市越来越受到消费者和食品环境数据源的青睐。我们比较了实体店和线上超市的食品和饮料产品的供应情况、营养信息、预包装（FOP）标签、价格和价格促销。
对于实体店，我们从英国六家超市的随机食品和饮料样本中收集了价格、价格促销、FOP 营养标签和营养信息的数据。对于线上商店，我们使用了 foodDB，这是一个拥有超过 1400 万种食品和饮料产品在线观察数据的研究就绪数据集。
英国牛津附近的六家大型超市。
一般样本包括 295 种食品和饮料产品，以及水果和蔬菜以及酒精的助推样本。
在一般样本中，85%（95%CI80，90%）在实体店中发现的产品可以与线上产品匹配。两个环境中的营养信息几乎相同，例如，能量的一致性相关系数为 0.995（95%CI0.993，0.996）。两种设置之间 FOP 标签和价格促销的存在存在差异（Cohen's kappa=0.56（95%CI0.45，0.66）和 0.40（95%CI0.26，0.55））。线上和实体店超市的价格相似（所有样本的一致性相关系数均大于 0.9）。
对于这六家零售商，从网上获取的产品供应、营养信息和价格是实体店的良好替代品。两种设置之间的价格促销和 FOP 标签存在差异。进一步的研究应调查这是否会对健康不平等产生影响。
