Kwon Hoin, Hong Hyun Ju, Kweon Yong-Sil
Department of Counseling Psychology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea.
Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak. 2020 Oct 1;31(4):169-176. doi: 10.5765/jkacap.200030.
Exploring the risk factors of adolescent suicide is important for effective suicide prevention. This study explored the clustering of adolescent suicides based on six risk factors: mental disorder, broken family, depression, anxiety, previous suicide attempts, and deviant behaviors. Using 173 student suicide reports obtained from the Ministry of Education, we evaluated the associations between suicide and variables related to mental disorders; dysfunctional family life; depression and anxiety; previous suicide attempts; deviant behaviors such as drinking and smoking; and school life characteristics, including attendance and discipline, problems within the past year, and incidents prior to suicide. In addition, reports of warning signs just before suicide were included in the analysis. The two-stage cluster analysis classified the students into three clusters: the silent type (cluster 1; 48.55%), in which no risk factors were observed; environmental-risk type (cluster 2: 24.28%), which featured a high frequency of broken households, deviant behaviors such as smoking/drinking and running away from home; and depressive type (cluster 3: 27.17%), which featured a high frequency of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicide attempts. Identifying the sub-types of adolescent suicide may help to inform tailored suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school.
探究青少年自杀的风险因素对于有效预防自杀至关重要。本研究基于六个风险因素探究了青少年自杀的聚类情况：精神障碍、家庭破裂、抑郁、焦虑、既往自杀未遂及偏差行为。利用从教育部获取的173份学生自杀报告，我们评估了自杀与以下因素之间的关联：与精神障碍相关的变量；功能失调的家庭生活；抑郁和焦虑；既往自杀未遂；饮酒和吸烟等偏差行为；以及学校生活特征，包括出勤和纪律、过去一年中的问题以及自杀前的事件。此外，自杀前警示信号的报告也纳入了分析。两阶段聚类分析将学生分为三类：沉默型（第1类；48.55%），未观察到风险因素；环境风险型（第2类：24.28%），其特点是家庭破裂、吸烟/饮酒和离家出走等偏差行为发生率高；以及抑郁型（第3类：27.17%），其特点是抑郁、焦虑和自杀未遂等心理健康问题发生率高。识别青少年自杀的亚型可能有助于为学校量身定制自杀预防和干预策略提供依据。
