Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Curso de Medicina, Arapiraca, AL, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, A/C Simões, AL, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020 Oct 21;53:e20200246. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0246-2020. eCollection 2020.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, temporal, and spatial dynamics ofleprosy in a municipality in northeastern Brazil.
This is an ecological study on new leprosy cases in the population of Arapiraca (Alagoas, Northeast Region, Brazil), from 2008 to 2017. Data extracted from a national database were analyzed forepidemiological indicators, factors associated with physical disabilities, and spatialanalysis in the neighborhoods of Arapiraca.
A total of 292 new cases of leprosy were recorded, particularly occurring among the following groups: women, the age group of 46-59 years, brown-skinned individuals, people with less than eight years of schooling, and urban residents; the new cases were also predominantly the tuberculoid form and were of the paucibacillary classification of the disease. Almost 1/3 of the people had some degree of physical disability, which was mainly associated with the group 60 years of age and older, black ethnicity, and the multibacillary clinical form of leprosy. The joinpoint regression showed a stationary temporal behavior of indicators. There was a heterogeneous spatial distribution with active transmission areas, especially in the neighborhoods Primavera, Baixão, Ouro Preto, and downtown.
The epidemiological indicators revealed complexity in the process of leprosy development. These spatial and temporal studies are relevant to help in the planning, monitoring, and guidance of interventions in the municipality. The spatial analysis showed heterogeneous distribution in the analyzed neighborhoods.
麻风病是由麻风分枝杆菌引起的慢性传染病。本研究旨在分析巴西东北部一市的麻风病的流行病学、时间和空间动态。
这是一项关于阿拉普阿卡拉（巴西伯南布哥州东北部）人口中新发麻风病例的生态学研究，时间为 2008 年至 2017 年。从国家数据库中提取的数据用于分析流行病学指标、与身体残疾相关的因素以及阿拉普阿卡拉社区的空间分析。
共记录了 292 例新的麻风病例，主要发生在以下人群中：女性、46-59 岁年龄组、棕色皮肤人群、受教育程度不足八年的人群和城市居民；新病例主要为结核样型，且疾病的少菌型分类。几乎 1/3 的人存在某种程度的身体残疾，主要与 60 岁及以上的人群、黑皮肤人种和多菌型麻风临床形式相关。联合回归显示指标具有稳定的时间行为。存在具有活跃传播区域的异质空间分布，特别是 Primavera、Baixão、Ouro Preto 和市中心社区。
流行病学指标揭示了麻风病发展过程的复杂性。这些时空研究对于帮助规划、监测和指导该市的干预措施具有重要意义。空间分析显示了分析社区的异质分布。
