Department of Sanitary Dermatology, Sanitary Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, State Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medicine ‒ Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Department of Sanitary Dermatology, Sanitary Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, State Health Secretariat of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
An Bras Dermatol. 2023 Sep-Oct;98(5):602-610. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.08.009. Epub 2023 Apr 27.
Leprosy is an infectious and contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and is mainly characterized by lesions in the skin and peripheral nerves. In Brazil, it is a public health problem due to its high endemicity. However, the state of Rio Grande do Sul presents low endemicity of this disease.
To characterize the epidemiological profile of leprosy in the state of Rio Grande do Sul from 2000 to 2019.
This was a retrospective observational study. Epidemiological data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN, Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação).
Among the 497 municipalities in the state, 357 (71.8%) registered cases of leprosy in the assessed period, with an average of 212 (81.5%) new cases per year. The average detection rate was 1.61 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The male sex was predominant (51.9%) and the mean age was 50.4 years. Regarding the epidemiological clinical profile; 79.0% of the patients were multibacillary; 37.5% presented the borderline clinical form; 16% had grade 2 physical disability at diagnosis and bacilloscopy was positive in 35.4% of cases. As for treatment, 73.8% of the cases were treated with the standard multibacillary therapeutic regimen.
There were missing/inconsistent data in the database available.
The findings observed in this study indicate that the state presents a low endemicity profile of the disease and these results can support adequate health policies relevant to the reality of Rio Grande do Sul, inserted in a national scenario of highly endemic leprosy.
麻风病是一种由麻风分枝杆菌引起的传染性和接触性疾病，主要特征是皮肤和周围神经损伤。在巴西，由于其高地方性，它是一个公共卫生问题。然而，南里奥格兰德州的这种疾病地方性较低。
描述 2000 年至 2019 年南里奥格兰德州麻风病的流行病学特征。
这是一项回顾性观察研究。流行病学数据来自法定传染病信息系统（SINAN，Notifiable Diseases Information System）。
在所评估的期间，该州 497 个城市中有 357 个（71.8%）登记了麻风病病例，平均每年有 212 例（81.5%）新病例。平均检出率为每 10 万人中有 1.61 例新病例。男性占主导地位（51.9%），平均年龄为 50.4 岁。在流行病学临床特征方面；79.0%的患者为多菌型；37.5%为边界临床型；16%在诊断时存在 2 级身体残疾，35.4%的病例细菌学检查阳性。在治疗方面，73.8%的病例采用标准多菌型治疗方案。
可用数据库中存在数据缺失/不一致的情况。
本研究观察到的结果表明，该州的疾病地方性较低，这些结果可以为南里奥格兰德州的卫生政策提供支持，以适应其现实情况，纳入巴西高度地方性麻风病的国家背景。
