Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2020 Oct;18(10):1128-1155. doi: 10.1111/ddg.14301.
Most childhood exanthemas are harmless. However, recognizing serious diseases with life-threatening complications at an early stage is important for the timely initiation of adequate therapy. This requires knowledge of the specific patterns of the exanthema, obtained from the medical history and the clinic, including the patient's general condition and physical examination. In unclear cases, additional diagnostic measures are undertaken, such as blood tests and smears (cutaneous, mucocutaneous). Viruses are the most common cause of childhood exanthemas. New variants of infectious agents, improved diagnostics and stays in tropical and subtropical countries have expanded the spectrum of infectious exanthemas.
大多数儿童出疹性疾病都是无害的。然而，早期识别出具有威胁生命的并发症的严重疾病对于及时开始适当的治疗非常重要。这需要从病史和临床检查中了解出疹的特定模式，包括患者的一般情况和体格检查。在不明确的情况下，会进行额外的诊断措施，如血液检查和涂片（皮肤、黏膜）。病毒是儿童出疹性疾病的最常见原因。新的传染病原体变体、改进的诊断方法以及在热带和亚热带国家的停留时间扩大了传染性出疹性疾病的范围。
