School of Economics, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 28;15(10):e0240723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240723. eCollection 2020.
Haze pollution in China is very serious and has become the source of mortality, affecting the health and lives of residents. The Chinese government adopts different policy measures to reduce haze pollution. The impact of different types of environmental regulations on haze pollution has become a hot topic for academics and government departments. Based on panel data from 2005-2017, this paper studies the effect of different types of environmental regulations on haze pollution in 30 provinces of China using a panel quantile model. The results show that when haze pollution changes from a low quantile to a high quantile, the marginal impact of command-and-control environmental regulation on haze pollution changes from 0.122 to -0.332. Command-and-control environmental regulation can reduce haze pollution, but its impact is not significant. The main reason for this finding is that environmental law enforcement is not strict. The marginal impact of economically restrained environmental regulation on haze pollution changes from -14.389 to 49.939. Economically restrained environmental regulation can reduce haze pollution in low quantiles, but not in high quantiles. The collection of sewage charges fees is far less than the total profit, which has no deterrent effect on enterprises. The marginal impact of public participation in environmental regulation on haze pollution changes from 0.154 to -0.002. Public participation in environmental regulation cannot reduce haze pollution in low quantiles, but can in high quantiles; however its impact becomes insignificant. This study reveals the quantile-based discrepancy in the effect of environmental regulation on haze pollution, and offers a new perspective for research on the effects of environmental regulation.
中国的雾霾污染非常严重，已成为居民死亡率的来源，影响居民的健康和生活。中国政府采取不同的政策措施来减少雾霾污染。不同类型的环境法规对雾霾污染的影响已成为学术界和政府部门的热门话题。本文基于 2005-2017 年的面板数据，采用面板分位数模型研究了中国 30 个省份不同类型环境法规对雾霾污染的影响。结果表明，当雾霾污染从低分位变化到高分位时，命令-控制型环境法规对雾霾污染的边际影响从 0.122 变为-0.332。命令-控制型环境法规可以减少雾霾污染，但影响不显著。造成这种情况的主要原因是环境执法不严。经济抑制型环境法规对雾霾污染的边际影响从-14.389 变为 49.939。经济抑制型环境法规可以在低分位减少雾霾污染，但在高分位不行。污水处理费的征收远远低于总利润，对企业没有威慑作用。公众参与环境法规对雾霾污染的边际影响从 0.154 变为-0.002。公众参与环境法规不能在低分位减少雾霾污染，但可以在高分位减少；但影响变得不显著。本研究揭示了环境法规对雾霾污染影响的分位数差异，为环境法规效果研究提供了新视角。
