Sherpa Mingma Thundu, Najar Ishfaq Nabi, Das Sayak, Thakur Nagendra
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
Curr Microbiol. 2021 Jan;78(1):78-85. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-02259-x. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
Changme Khangpu glacier is located in the northern district of Sikkim which comes under UNESCO heritage site Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve which is considered as one of the important biological hotspot regions in the Eastern Himalayas. This is the first report on microbial diversity analysis of moraine soil from one of the unexplored glaciers of Sikkim using high throughput sequencing platform and phospholipid fatty acids analysis (PLFA). It was found that the 16S amplicon sequence comprised 362,902 raw sequences with a sequence length of 150 bp and (G + C) content 52%. A total of 156,821 pre-processed reads were clustered into 378 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) comprising 6 bacterial phyla. The top four dominant phyla based on the 16S amplicon sequences were Proteobacteria (56%), Firmicutes (16%), Actinobacteria (12%), and Bacteroidetes (8%), respectively. PLFA analysis confirmed the dominance of Gram positive bacteria (72%) followed by Gram negative bacteria (32%) and the major fatty acids which are present in the moraine soil sample were PUFA (61%), and 18:2ω6,9c (29%). This is the primary study and first of its kind done on moraine soil from glaciers of Sikkim. Based on 16S amplicon sequencing and PLFA analysis of moraine soil samples from glaciers of Sikkim suggest that this glaciers harbours rich microbial diversity and thus can have wide industrial and biotechnological potential. Thus, there is an escalating scope to further study these extreme biomes with respect to their microbial diversity and their functional capabilities.
昌梅康普冰川位于锡金邦北部地区，该地区属于联合国教科文组织世界遗产干城章嘉峰生物圈保护区，被认为是东喜马拉雅地区重要的生物热点区域之一。这是首次利用高通量测序平台和磷脂脂肪酸分析（PLFA）对锡金邦一处未开发冰川的冰碛土进行微生物多样性分析的报告。研究发现，16S扩增子序列包含362,902条原始序列，序列长度为150 bp，（G + C）含量为52%。总共156,821条预处理后的 reads 被聚类为378个操作分类单元（OTU），包括6个细菌门。基于16S扩增子序列，前四大优势菌门分别是变形菌门（56%）、厚壁菌门（16%）、放线菌门（12%）和拟杆菌门（8%）。PLFA分析证实革兰氏阳性菌占主导地位（72%），其次是革兰氏阴性菌（32%），冰碛土样品中存在的主要脂肪酸是多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA，61%）和18:2ω6,9c（29%）。这是对锡金邦冰川冰碛土进行的首次此类初步研究。基于对锡金邦冰川冰碛土样品的16S扩增子测序和PLFA分析表明，该冰川拥有丰富的微生物多样性，因此具有广泛的工业和生物技术潜力。因此，进一步研究这些极端生物群落的微生物多样性及其功能能力的范围正在不断扩大。
