State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Dec 15;748:142427. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142427. Epub 2020 Sep 21.
Microplastics (MPs), defined as particles with diameters <5 mm and including nanoplastics (NPs), with diameters <1 μm, are characterized by large specific surface areas and hydrophobicity. In aquatic and terrestrial environments, MPs interact with co-occurring organic pollutants through sorption and desorption, which alters the environmental behavior of the pollutants, such as their toxicity, bioaccumulation, degradation, and transport. In this review, we summarize the results of current studies of the interactions between MPs and organic contaminants, and focus on the different mechanisms and subsequent ecological risks of contaminant transfer among environmental media, MPs and organisms. The sorption/desorption of organic pollutants on/from MPs is discussed with respect to solution conditions and the properties of both the MPs and the pollutants. More importantly, the ability of MPs to alter the toxicity, bioaccumulation, degradation, and transport of organic pollutants through these interactions is considered as well. We then examine the interrelationships of the different environmental behaviors of MPs and organic pollutants and the roles played by environmental processes. Finally, we identify the remaining knowledge gaps that must be filled in further studies in order to accurately evaluate the environmental risks of MPs and their associated organic pollutants.
微塑料（MPs）被定义为直径小于 5 毫米的颗粒，包括直径小于 1 微米的纳米塑料（NPs），其特点是比表面积大且疏水性强。在水相和土壤相中，MPs 通过吸附和解吸与共存的有机污染物相互作用，改变了污染物的环境行为，如毒性、生物积累、降解和迁移。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前关于 MPs 和有机污染物相互作用的研究结果，并重点关注了不同的机制以及污染物在环境介质、MPs 和生物体之间的转移所带来的生态风险。我们讨论了有机污染物在 MPs 上的吸附/解吸与溶液条件以及 MPs 和污染物的性质有关。更重要的是，我们还考虑了 MPs 通过这些相互作用改变有机污染物毒性、生物积累、降解和迁移能力的能力。然后，我们研究了 MPs 和有机污染物的不同环境行为的相互关系以及环境过程所起的作用。最后，我们确定了在进一步研究中需要填补的知识空白，以便准确评估 MPs 及其相关有机污染物的环境风险。
