Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 24;21(21):7893. doi: 10.3390/ijms21217893.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These are chronic autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The IBD population includes a heterogeneous group of patients with varying disease courses requiring personalized treatment protocols. The complexity of the disease often delays the diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatments. In a subset of patients, IBD leads to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). MicroRNAs are single-stranded regulatory noncoding RNAs of 18 to 22 nucleotides with putative roles in the pathogenesis of IBD and colorectal cancer. They have been explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Both tissue-derived and circulating microRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers in the differential diagnosis and in the prognosis of disease severity of IBD as well as predictive biomarkers in drug resistance. In addition, knowledge of the cellular localization of differentially expressed microRNAs is a prerequisite for deciphering the biological role of these important epigenetic regulators and the cellular localization may even contribute to an alternative repertoire of biomarkers. In this review, we discuss findings based on RT-qPCR, microarray profiling, next generation sequencing and in situ hybridization of microRNA biomarkers identified in the circulation and in tissue biopsies.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）。这些是病因不明的慢性自身免疫性疾病，影响胃肠道。IBD 患者群体包括具有不同疾病过程的异质患者群体，需要个性化的治疗方案。疾病的复杂性常常导致诊断和适当治疗的延迟。在一部分患者中，IBD 会导致结肠炎相关癌症（CAC）。microRNAs 是具有 18 至 22 个核苷酸的单链调节性非编码 RNA，在 IBD 和结直肠癌的发病机制中具有潜在作用。它们已被探索作为生物标志物和治疗靶点。组织来源和循环 microRNAs 已作为有前途的生物标志物，用于 IBD 的鉴别诊断和疾病严重程度的预后，以及耐药性的预测生物标志物。此外，对差异表达 microRNAs 的细胞定位的了解是破译这些重要表观遗传调节剂的生物学作用的前提，细胞定位甚至可能有助于替代生物标志物的组合。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基于 RT-qPCR、微阵列分析、下一代测序和组织活检中循环和组织中 microRNA 生物标志物的原位杂交的发现。
