Khraise Wail N, Khraise Tala W, Starling Emerald Bright, Allouh Mohammed Z
Department of Anesthesia and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Int J Gen Med. 2020 Oct 22;13:937-944. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S276742. eCollection 2020.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) agent, and is generally known as novel coronavirus. The impact of the disease has had apparent effects on health, social, and economic levels. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic features, clinical presentations, laboratory examination, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Jordan.
This retrospective study included all COVID-19 patients admitted to the quarantine center at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan between March 16 and May 21, 2020. Patient information was abstracted from hospital electronic records and included patient demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory tests, infection period, and outcome.
Approximately 42% of the quarantined individuals were asymptomatic. The majority of symptomatic patients had mild to moderate symptoms of the disease. Only ten patients (9.3%) had severe symptoms, with one of them progressed to a critical stage and died 15 days after admission. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer levels were significantly elevated in many patients. More than two-thirds (69.8%) of the symptomatic patients were females. Elevated ESR and LDH levels, along with longer periods of infection, were significantly associated with symptomatic patients.
A large proportion of Jordanian patients were asymptomatic carriers of the virus. This finding emphasizes the importance of a continuous surveillance process to discover these contagious carriers to control the disease spread. Additionally, we suggest that future analyses should investigate for sexual variation in the inflammatory response to this viral infection since most of our symptomatic patients were females. Finally, the role of ESR and LDH biomarkers should be investigated further for the possibility of earlier identification of patients with greater risk.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的一种正在流行的传染病，通常被称为新型冠状病毒。该疾病的影响已对健康、社会和经济层面产生了明显影响。本研究旨在调查约旦COVID-19患者的流行病学特征、临床表现、实验室检查及转归。
这项回顾性研究纳入了2020年3月16日至5月21日期间入住约旦阿卜杜拉国王大学医院隔离中心的所有COVID-19患者。患者信息从医院电子记录中提取，包括患者人口统计学资料、症状、合并症、实验室检查、感染期及转归。
约42%的隔离人员无症状。大多数有症状的患者有该疾病的轻至中度症状。只有10名患者（9.3%）有严重症状，其中1名患者进展至危重症阶段并在入院15天后死亡。许多患者的红细胞沉降率（ESR）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和D-二聚体水平显著升高。超过三分之二（69.8%）有症状的患者为女性。ESR和LDH水平升高以及感染时间较长与有症状的患者显著相关。
很大一部分约旦患者是该病毒的无症状携带者。这一发现强调了持续监测过程对于发现这些传染性携带者以控制疾病传播的重要性。此外，由于我们大多数有症状的患者为女性，我们建议未来的分析应研究对这种病毒感染的炎症反应中的性别差异因素。最后，应进一步研究ESR和LDH生物标志物在更早识别高风险患者方面的作用。
