Sheikh Ali Sami, Kheirallah Khalid A, Sharkas Ghazi, Al-Nusair Mohammed, Al-Mistarehi Abdel-Hameed, Ghazo Mahmoud, Zeitawi Ali, Bellizzi Saverio, Ramadan Mohannad, Alsulaiman Jomana W, Alzoubi Hamed, Belbesi Adel, Allouh Mohammed Z
Epidemics Management, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Int J Gen Med. 2022 Sep 5;15:7053-7062. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S371711. eCollection 2022.
Population-based serosurveillance is a cornerstone to furthering our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic at the community levels. In Jordan, four waves (phases) of seroprevalence epidemiological investigations were conducted using representative population-based national samples. This study aims to estimate the population-based seropositivity, herd immunity, and vaccination coverage at the fourth wave.
Multistage sampling technique was implemented to recruit a nationally representative sample for the fourth wave of the seroprevalence investigation (June to August 2021). Electronically collected data utilized a questionnaire on background demographics, chronic diseases, and COVID-19 vaccination history. Also, blood samples were collected to detect the presence of total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG using Wantai/ELISA assays. Prevalence estimates were presented using percentage and 95% Confidence Intervals (C.I.).
There were 8821 participants included in this study, with a mean age of 31.3 years, and 61.7% were females. COVID-19 national seroprevalence and vaccination coverage estimates were 74.1% (95% C.I.: 73.1-74.9%) and 38.4% (95% C.I.: 37.1-39.6%), respectively. Among children, seroprevalence estimates were similar to unvaccinated adults. Among COVID-19 adults, 57.2% were vaccinated. Among vaccinated participants, 91.5% were seropositive, while among unvaccinated, 63.2% were seropositive. By age group, seroprevalence ranged between 53.0% and 86.9%. Seroprevalence estimates were significantly different by gender, vaccination status and dose, and residence.
The reported interplay between seropositivity and vaccination coverage estimate seems insufficient to provide herd immunity levels to combat new variants of SARS-CoV-2. Children and healthcare workers seem to be an epidemiologically influential group in spreading COVID-19. As the globe is still grappling with SARS-CoV-2 infection, national seroepidemiological evidence from Jordan calls for more focus on vaccination coverage, especially among epidemiologically vulnerable groups, to optimize herd immunity.
基于人群的血清学监测是增进我们对社区层面新冠疫情了解的基石。在约旦，使用具有全国代表性的人群样本进行了四轮（阶段）血清流行率流行病学调查。本研究旨在估计第四轮调查中基于人群的血清阳性率、群体免疫和疫苗接种覆盖率。
采用多阶段抽样技术，为第四轮血清流行率调查（2021年6月至8月）招募具有全国代表性的样本。通过电子方式收集的数据利用了一份关于背景人口统计学、慢性病和新冠疫苗接种史的问卷。此外，采集血样，使用万泰/酶联免疫吸附测定法检测总抗SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG的存在。患病率估计值以百分比和95%置信区间（C.I.）表示。
本研究纳入了8821名参与者，平均年龄为31.3岁，61.7%为女性。新冠全国血清流行率和疫苗接种覆盖率估计值分别为74.1%（95% C.I.：73.1 - 74.9%）和38.4%（95% C.I.：37.1 - 39.6%）。在儿童中，血清流行率估计值与未接种疫苗的成年人相似。在感染新冠的成年人中，57.2%接种了疫苗。在接种疫苗的参与者中，91.5%呈血清阳性，而在未接种疫苗的参与者中，63.2%呈血清阳性。按年龄组划分，血清流行率在53.0%至86.9%之间。血清流行率估计值在性别、疫苗接种状态和剂量以及居住地方面存在显著差异。
报告的血清阳性率与疫苗接种覆盖率估计值之间的相互作用似乎不足以提供群体免疫水平来对抗SARS-CoV-2的新变种。儿童和医护人员似乎是在传播新冠方面具有流行病学影响力的群体。由于全球仍在应对SARS-CoV-2感染，来自约旦的国家血清流行病学证据呼吁更多地关注疫苗接种覆盖率，特别是在流行病学上易受影响的群体中，以优化群体免疫。
