School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
Adv Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):708-721. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa132.
Previous meta-analyses that found an inverse association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome pooled data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, which could lead to potentially misleading conclusions. Hence, this work aimed to reassess this association by analyzing data from the 2 types of studies separately and including recent studies. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, and Science Direct were searched for relevant studies published up to July 2020. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included if published after 1999, reported both effect estimates and CIs, and presented results adjusted for confounding variables. Data of the highest coffee consumption level in each study, as well as those of medium consumption levels in studies with ≥3 consumption categories, were pooled using random-effect models, with sex-stratified and sex-adjusted results being analyzed separately. Results were obtained based on data from 13 cross-sectional studies involving 280,803 participants and 2 longitudinal studies involving 17,014 participants. The overall sex-adjusted association of the highest consumption level was not significant (n = 9 studies; OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.10; I2: 91.5%) and the 2 longitudinal studies both yielded no association. Subgroup analysis revealed inverse associations in both males and females, as well as in Caucasians with medium coffee consumption (n = 4 studies, OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93; I2: 0%). Although residual confounding could affect the results of this meta-analysis, our findings suggested with a low certainty that coffee consumption may not be associated with metabolic syndrome, a finding that is different from those of previous meta-analyses and could be due to variation in characteristics of study participants. More longitudinal studies are also needed to further assess the temporal association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome. This meta-analysis was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42018110650.
先前的荟萃分析发现，咖啡摄入量与代谢综合征之间呈负相关，这些分析汇总了来自横断面和纵向研究的数据，这可能导致潜在的误导性结论。因此，本研究旨在通过分别分析这两种研究类型的数据并纳入最近的研究来重新评估这种相关性。在线数据库包括 PubMed、Scopus、Embase、护理与健康相关文献累积索引（CINAHL Plus）和 Science Direct，检索截至 2020 年 7 月发表的相关研究。纳入了 1999 年后发表的、报告了效应估计值和置信区间、并呈现了经混杂变量调整结果的横断面和纵向研究。使用随机效应模型汇总了每个研究中最高咖啡摄入量的数据，以及在有≥3 个摄入量类别的研究中中等摄入量的数据，分别分析了按性别分层和按性别调整的结果。结果基于来自 13 项横断面研究（涉及 280803 名参与者）和 2 项纵向研究（涉及 17014 名参与者）的数据得出。最高摄入量的总体性别调整关联不显著（n=9 项研究；OR：0.88；95%CI：0.70，1.10；I2：91.5%），且这 2 项纵向研究均未发现关联。亚组分析显示，男性和女性以及中等咖啡摄入量的白种人都存在反比关联（n=4 项研究，OR：0.88；95%CI：0.84，0.93；I2：0%）。尽管残余混杂因素可能影响本荟萃分析的结果，但我们的发现提示，咖啡摄入与代谢综合征之间可能没有关联，这与之前的荟萃分析结果不同，可能是由于研究参与者特征的差异所致。还需要更多的纵向研究来进一步评估咖啡摄入与代谢综合征之间的时间关联。本荟萃分析在 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero 上注册为 CRD42018110650。
