School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
J Diabetes. 2024 Oct;16(10):e70004. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.70004.
This study investigates the associations between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome and its components, as well as the effect of milk, sugar, and artificial sweeteners on these associations.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 351805 UK Biobank participants. Coffee consumption data were collected via food frequency questionnaires and 24-h recall. Metabolic syndrome was identified through blood biochemistry and self-reported medication use. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariable logistic regression, and results were verified with two-sample Mendelian randomization.
Consuming up to two cups of coffee per day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (1 cup/day: odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.92; 2 cups/day: OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.93). Higher intakes showed near-null associations. Mendelian randomization did not support a causal link between coffee intake and metabolic syndrome. Both self-reported and genetically predicted high coffee consumption (four cups per day or more) were associated with central obesity. The inverse association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome was more profound among drinkers of ground coffee than those of instant coffee. Results were similar when stratified by the use of milk and sugar, yet the use of artificial sweetener with coffee was positively associated with metabolic syndrome and all component conditions.
Coffee consumption may increase the risk of central obesity but is unlikely to impact the risk of metabolic syndrome. The potential health effects of artificial sweeteners in coffee need further investigation.
本研究旨在调查咖啡摄入与代谢综合征及其各组分之间的关联，以及牛奶、糖和人工甜味剂对这些关联的影响。
采用英国生物库 351805 名参与者的横断面分析。通过食物频率问卷和 24 小时回顾法收集咖啡摄入量数据。通过血液生化和自我报告的药物使用情况来确定代谢综合征。采用多变量逻辑回归计算比值比，并用两样本 Mendelian 随机化进行验证。
每天饮用不超过两杯咖啡与代谢综合征呈负相关（1 杯/天：比值比 [OR]：0.88，95%置信区间 [CI]：0.85-0.92；2 杯/天：OR：0.90，95% CI：0.86-0.93）。更高的摄入量显示出接近零的关联。Mendelian 随机化不支持咖啡摄入量与代谢综合征之间存在因果关系。无论是自我报告还是遗传预测的高咖啡摄入量（每天四杯或更多）都与中心性肥胖有关。与饮用速溶咖啡相比，饮用研磨咖啡与代谢综合征之间的负相关更为明显。当按牛奶和糖的使用情况进行分层时，结果相似，但咖啡中使用人工甜味剂与代谢综合征和所有组分疾病呈正相关。
咖啡的摄入可能会增加中心性肥胖的风险，但不太可能影响代谢综合征的风险。咖啡中人工甜味剂的潜在健康影响需要进一步研究。
