High School Alliance Health Sciences Enrichment Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1277:75-85. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_5.
Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor (a lump or mass), often found in the small glands on top of the kidneys, and most commonly affects infants and young children. Among neuroblastomas, high-risk neuroblastomas are very aggressive and resistant to most kinds of intensive treatment. Immunotherapy, which uses the immune system to fight against cancer, has shown great promise in treating many types of cancer. However, high-risk neuroblastoma is often resistant to this approach as well. Recent studies revealed that small vesicles known as exosomes, which are envelopes, could deliver a cargo of small RNA molecules and provide communication between neuroblastoma cells and the surrounding cells and trigger metastasis and resistance to immunotherapy. In this chapter, we describe the role of exosomes and small RNA molecules in the metastasis and regression of neuroblastoma and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat this menace.
神经母细胞瘤是一种实体瘤（肿块或团块），通常在肾脏顶部的小腺体中发现，最常影响婴儿和幼儿。在神经母细胞瘤中，高危神经母细胞瘤非常具有侵袭性，对大多数强化治疗方法具有耐药性。免疫疗法利用免疫系统对抗癌症，在治疗许多类型的癌症方面显示出巨大的前景。然而，高危神经母细胞瘤也常常对这种方法产生耐药性。最近的研究表明，称为外泌体的小囊泡（包膜）可以携带小 RNA 分子的货物，并在神经母细胞瘤细胞与周围细胞之间提供通讯，从而引发转移和对免疫疗法的耐药性。在本章中，我们描述了外泌体和小 RNA 分子在神经母细胞瘤的转移和消退中的作用，以及对抗这种威胁的潜在治疗方法。
