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通过对小鼠海马体的单细胞 RNA-seq 鉴定真正的 B2 SINE 反转录转座子转录。

Identification of bona fide B2 SINE retrotransposon transcription through single-nucleus RNA-seq of the mouse hippocampus.

机构信息

Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

Genome Res. 2020 Nov;30(11):1643-1654. doi: 10.1101/gr.262196.120.

Abstract

Currently, researchers rely on generalized methods to quantify transposable element (TE) RNA expression, such as RT-qPCR and RNA-seq, that do not distinguish between TEs expressed from their own promoter (bona fide) and TEs that are transcribed from a neighboring gene promoter such as within an intron or exon. This distinction is important owing to the differing functional roles of TEs depending on whether they are independently transcribed. Here we report a simple strategy to examine bona fide TE expression, termed BonaFide-TEseq. This approach can be used with any template-switch based library such as Smart-seq2 or the single-cell 5' gene expression kit from 10x, extending its utility to single-cell RNA-sequencing. This approach does not require TE-specific enrichment, enabling the simultaneous examination of TEs and protein-coding genes. We show that TEs identified through BonaFide-TEseq are expressed from their own promoter, rather than captured as internal products of genes. We reveal the utility of BonaFide-TEseq in the analysis of single-cell data and show that short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) show cell type-specific expression profiles in the mouse hippocampus. We further show that, in response to a brief exposure of home-cage mice to a novel stimulus, SINEs are activated in dentate granule neurons in a time course that is similar to that of protein-coding immediate early genes. This work provides a simple alternative approach to assess bona fide TE transcription at single-cell resolution and provides a proof-of-concept using this method to identify SINE activation in a context that is relevant for normal learning and memory.

摘要

目前,研究人员依赖于通用方法来定量转座元件 (TE) RNA 的表达,例如 RT-qPCR 和 RNA-seq,这些方法无法区分从自身启动子表达的 TE(真实的)和从邻近基因启动子转录的 TE,例如在内含子或外显子中。这种区分很重要,因为转座元件的功能角色取决于它们是否独立转录。在这里,我们报告了一种简单的方法来检查真实的 TE 表达,称为 BonaFide-TEseq。这种方法可以与任何基于模板转换的文库一起使用,例如 Smart-seq2 或 10x 的单细胞 5' 基因表达试剂盒,将其用途扩展到单细胞 RNA-seq。这种方法不需要 TE 特异性富集,从而能够同时检查 TE 和蛋白质编码基因。我们表明,通过 BonaFide-TEseq 鉴定的 TE 是从它们自己的启动子表达的,而不是作为基因的内部产物捕获的。我们揭示了 BonaFide-TEseq 在单细胞数据分析中的实用性,并表明短散布核元件 (SINE) 在小鼠海马体中表现出细胞类型特异性表达谱。我们进一步表明,在短暂暴露于家庭笼中的新奇刺激后,SINE 在齿状回颗粒神经元中以类似于蛋白质编码即刻早期基因的时间过程中被激活。这项工作提供了一种简单的替代方法来评估单细胞分辨率下真实的 TE 转录,并使用该方法提供了一个概念验证,以识别在与正常学习和记忆相关的背景下 SINE 的激活。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5671/7605253/7fb86fd259a4/1643f01.jpg

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