Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Science. 2020 Oct 30;370(6516):557-564. doi: 10.1126/science.aba9572. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
狗是第一种被驯化的动物，但人们对其种群历史知之甚少，也不清楚其与人类的联系程度。我们对 27 个古代狗的基因组进行了测序，发现所有的狗都与现在的狼有着共同的祖先，自驯化以来与狼的基因交流有限，但存在大量的狗向狼的基因交流。到 11000 年前，至少有五个主要的血统谱系已经多样化，这表明狗在旧石器时代有着深厚的遗传历史。与人类基因组的共同分析揭示了狗种群历史的一些方面与人类相似，包括非洲的黎凡特相关血统和早期的欧洲农业。其他方面则不同，包括欧亚大陆西部和东部草原牧民扩张的影响，以及新石器时代欧洲狗的祖先几乎完全更替。
