Hamed Ahmed Moheyeldien, Elhadidy Khaled Elsayed, Kamel Mahmoud Farid, Basset Ahmed Sayed Abd El, Ahmed Ahmed Saad, Shaaban Saeed M, El-Moeze Nadia Ahmed Abd, Matar Hazem Samy
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, 62514, Egypt.
Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Suef City, Egypt.
BMC Endocr Disord. 2025 Sep 9;25(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s12902-025-02038-4.
Thyroid nodules (TNs) are frequent and often benign. Accurately differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is crucial for proper management. This research aims to use ultrasonography to examine TNs and identify possible risk factors in order to improve patient outcomes and diagnostic accuracy.
The study included 128 euthyroid participants who underwent thyroidectomy, splitted into two groups (benign and malignant) regarding the histopathological outcomes. Data on age, sex, family history of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure were collected. Ultrasound (US) was used to assess nodule number, size, vascularity and TIRAD scores. US Lymph node status was also evaluated. Statistical analysis compared benign and malignant nodules.
No significant differences were found between benign and malignant groups regarding age, sex, family history, and radiation exposure. Significant differences were observed in nodule size (p < 0.05), echogenicity (p < 0.001), and margins (p < 0.05), with larger, hyper/isoechoic, and smooth-margined nodules more common in the benign group. TIRAD scores (p < 0.001) and lymph node status (p < 0.001) also differed significantly, with benign cases showing TR3 scores and non-suspicious lymph nodes, while malignant cases had more TR4 scores and suspicious lymph nodes. Additionally, malignant nodules were significantly more hypoechoic (p < 0.001). Most benign cases were nodular colloid hyperplasia, followed by follicular adenoma and thyroiditis. Most malignant cases were Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). PTC was associated with younger age (p = 0.006), smaller nodule size (p = 0.04), and hypoechoic nodules (p = 0.04).
Sex, age, family history of thyroid cancer, and radiation exposure history did not significantly vary between groups with benign and malignant thyroid tumors, according to the research. Higher TIRAD scores and hypoechoic nodules were more common in malignant nodules. Benign nodules had smoother margins, were bigger, and were more likely to be hyper/isoechoic.
甲状腺结节（TNs）很常见，且大多为良性。准确区分良性和恶性结节对于正确的治疗管理至关重要。本研究旨在利用超声检查甲状腺结节并识别可能的风险因素，以改善患者预后和诊断准确性。
该研究纳入了128例接受甲状腺切除术的甲状腺功能正常的参与者，根据组织病理学结果分为两组（良性和恶性）。收集了年龄、性别、甲状腺癌家族史和辐射暴露的数据。使用超声（US）评估结节数量、大小、血管分布和甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TIRAD）评分。还评估了超声下淋巴结状态。通过统计分析比较良性和恶性结节。
在年龄、性别、家族史和辐射暴露方面，良性和恶性组之间未发现显著差异。在结节大小（p < 0.05）、回声（p < 0.001）和边界（p < 0.05）方面观察到显著差异，良性组中较大、高回声/等回声且边界光滑的结节更为常见。TIRAD评分（p < 0.001）和淋巴结状态（p < 0.001）也有显著差异，良性病例表现为TR3评分且淋巴结无异常，而恶性病例有更多的TR4评分和可疑淋巴结。此外，恶性结节的低回声明显更多（p < 0.001）。大多数良性病例为结节性胶样增生，其次是滤泡性腺瘤和甲状腺炎。大多数恶性病例为乳头状甲状腺癌（PTC）和滤泡状甲状腺癌（FTC）。PTC与较年轻的年龄（p = 0.006）、较小的结节大小（p = 0.04）和低回声结节（p = 0.04）相关。
根据该研究，良性和恶性甲状腺肿瘤组之间的性别、年龄、甲状腺癌家族史和辐射暴露史没有显著差异。较高的TIRAD评分和低回声结节在恶性结节中更为常见。良性结节边界更光滑，更大，更可能是高回声/等回声。
