Zhang Wei, Ni Bang, Xu Xiu-Chun, Yang Xuan, Meng Fan-Qiao
Beijing Key Laboratory of Prevention, Control and Restoration of Farmland and Soil Pollution, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Nov 8;41(11):5176-5184. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202002113.
Ammonia volatilization is one of the major paths of nitrogen (N) loss and may exert a substantial impact on air quality. This study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer types, fertilization rate, and application timing and gas collection method on NH volatilization during the maize season in Northern China. This study collected the publications on the NH volatilization from maize farming which were conducted in Northern China from 1980 to 2018, and undertook a systematic analysis. The study found that with the increase of N rate, the total and net NH volatilization at the basal and topdressing fertilization stages increased at exponential and power function, respectively. When the ratio of basal/topdressing N rate was 1/1, the total and net NH volatilization during the topdressing stage (58.4% of the whole season emission) was significantly higher than that in the basal fertilization stage (41.6%) (<0.05). The priming effect first showed a negative effect and then gradually turned into a positive effect with the increase of N rate. Due to the positive priming effect, the net NH volatilization, without considering the priming effect, was overestimated under the conventional N application (>297 kg·hm). There is a significant difference between the NH volatilization measured by the venting method and the sponge absorption method, and the data from the venting method are more stable (<0.01). Compared with conventional urea, slow-release urea may reduce NH volatilization by 20% to 50%. Control fertilizer N rate at the topdressing stage is more efficient in reducing the NH volatilization from maize production in Northern China, and the venting method is more suitable for the quantification of NH volatilization than the sponge absorption method under a high rate of fertilizer N.
氨挥发是氮素损失的主要途径之一，可能对空气质量产生重大影响。本研究旨在探讨氮肥类型、施肥量、施肥时期和气体收集方法对中国北方玉米季氨挥发的影响。本研究收集了1980年至2018年在中国北方进行的玉米种植氨挥发相关文献，并进行了系统分析。研究发现，随着施氮量的增加，基肥和追肥阶段的氨挥发总量和净氨挥发量分别呈指数函数和幂函数增加。当基肥/追肥施氮比例为1/1时，追肥阶段的氨挥发总量和净氨挥发量（占全季排放量的58.4%）显著高于基肥阶段（41.6%）（<0.05）。激发效应首先呈现负效应，然后随着施氮量的增加逐渐转变为正效应。由于正激发效应，在常规施氮量（>297 kg·hm）下，不考虑激发效应时的净氨挥发量被高估。通气法和海绵吸收法测定的氨挥发量存在显著差异（<0.01），通气法的数据更稳定。与普通尿素相比，缓释尿素可使氨挥发减少20%至5（0%）。在中国北方，控制追肥阶段的肥料氮用量对减少玉米生产中的氨挥发更有效，在高肥料氮用量下，通气法比海绵吸收法更适合氨挥发的定量分析。
