Li Peng, Wu Jian-Qiang, Sha Chen-Yan, Ye Chun-Mei, Huang Shen-Fa
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Sep 8;41(9):4262-4272. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202002050.
To investigate the effect of typical manure application on soil microbes in paddy fields, a field experiment on manure application in Chongming Island was carried out. The composition and variety of soil microorganisms in rice paddy fields were analyzed using high-throughput theory (CK), chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM), and organic fertilizer (OF). The results showed that compared with CK, the application of organic manure increased soil organic matter (SOM), and the application of chicken manure significantly increased the soil ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) and total nitrogen (TN) contents (<0.05). Soil microbial diversity in the PM group was significantly higher than that in the CK group (<0.05), and the soil microbial community richness in the OF group was significantly higher than that in the CM group (<0.05). pH, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen, and Pb were the important factors affecting the composition of soil microbial communities in paddy fields. The microbial community structure in the CM group was significantly different from those in the other three groups. Compared with CK, the OF group increased the relative abundance of , and the CM group significantly reduced the relative abundance of the denitrifying bacteria Ignavibacteriae (<0.01) to 40.56%, but significantly increased the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (<0.05) to 203.00%. The PM group significantly increased the relative abundance of ammoniated bacteria Armatimonadetes (<0.05) to 57.51% and the anaerobic strain to 102.00%. The application of chicken manure and pig manure significantly increased the relative abundance of pathogens and (<0.05), respectively, while the application of organic manure reduced the relative abundance of . Overall, the application of manure increased the abundance of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle of paddy soils and played a positive role in regulating the nitrogen balance in paddy soils. However, direct application of chicken manure and fresh pig manure increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, which had a certain degree of stress on the soil health in the paddy field.
为研究典型粪肥施用对稻田土壤微生物的影响，在崇明岛开展了粪肥施用田间试验。采用高通量测序技术分析了水稻田土壤微生物的组成和种类，设置了对照（CK）、鸡粪（CM）、猪粪（PM）和有机肥（OF）4个处理。结果表明，与CK相比，施用有机肥增加了土壤有机质（SOM），施用鸡粪显著增加了土壤氨氮（NH₃-N）和总氮（TN）含量（P<0.05）。PM组土壤微生物多样性显著高于CK组（P<0.05），OF组土壤微生物群落丰富度显著高于CM组（P<0.05）。pH、总磷（TP）、总氮和Pb是影响稻田土壤微生物群落组成的重要因素。CM组微生物群落结构与其他3组有显著差异。与CK相比，OF组增加了[具体微生物名称未给出]的相对丰度，CM组显著降低了反硝化细菌Ignavibacteriae的相对丰度（P<0.01）至40.56%，但显著增加了硝化细菌的相对丰度（P<0.05）至203.00%。PM组显著增加了氨化细菌Armatimonadetes的相对丰度（P<0.05）至57.51%，厌氧菌株[具体菌株名称未给出]的相对丰度至102.00%。施用鸡粪和猪粪分别显著增加了病原菌[具体病原菌名称未给出]和[具体病原菌名称未给出]的相对丰度（P<0.05），而施用有机肥降低了[具体微生物名称未给出]的相对丰度。总体而言，施用粪肥增加了参与稻田土壤氮循环细菌的丰度，对调节稻田土壤氮平衡起到了积极作用。然而，直接施用鸡粪和新鲜猪粪增加了病原菌的丰度，对稻田土壤健康有一定程度的胁迫。
