Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; email:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Oct 6;35:85-109. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125251.
Phospholipids are synthesized primarily within the endoplasmic reticulum and are subsequently distributed to various subcellular membranes to maintain the unique lipid composition of specific organelles. As a result, in most cases, the steady-state localization of membrane phospholipids does not match their site of synthesis. This raises the question of how diverse lipid species reach their final membrane destinations and what molecular processes provide the energy to maintain the lipid gradients that exist between various membrane compartments. Recent studies have highlighted the role of inositol phospholipids in the nonvesicular transport of lipids at membrane contact sites. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of these complex lipid dynamics and highlights their implications for defining future research directions.
磷脂主要在内质网合成，然后分布到各种亚细胞膜中，以维持特定细胞器的独特脂质组成。因此，在大多数情况下，膜磷脂的稳态定位与它们的合成部位不匹配。这就提出了一个问题，即不同的脂质种类如何到达它们的最终膜目的地，以及哪些分子过程提供能量来维持各种膜隔室之间存在的脂质梯度。最近的研究强调了肌醇磷脂在膜接触部位的非囊泡脂质运输中的作用。这篇综述试图总结我们目前对这些复杂脂质动力学的理解，并强调它们对确定未来研究方向的意义。
